TECHNOLOGY

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Carmeuse has made of process comparison high magnesium lime to limestone Thiosorbic versus Limestone Forced Oxidation (LSFO)

The present existing manufacturing capacity in India for the manufacture of hydrated lime is not sufficient to meet the growing demand of its dependent chemical and other industries. Raw materials, process equipment’s, and the necessary know-how involved in the manufacture of hydrated lime are available indigenously but are not sufficient to produce quality Hydrated Lime using high reactive quicklime produced from modern twin shaft kilns. It is most important to automatically control the feed rate of the water and quicklime to produce maximum high-quality hydrated lime of A Grade, especially when we have to hydrate the high reactive lime coming from Twin Shaft Kilns. Further the design should take care of all the points mentioned above.

The Indian designed plants are not very effective to handle the high reactive lime.

Circulating Fluid Bed Scrubber Could Be the Best Choice for Many Indian Power Plants

Sumitomo SHI FW has made a detailed analysis comparing CFB scrubbers to wet limestone scrubbers without wallboard quality gypsum production. The lower quality of limestone available, the expected 15-year life for the older plants to which the system may be applied, and the much lower capital cost of the CFB design are key aspects in the determination. Here are the factors and calculations for a 300-MWe pulverized boiler contained in the linked paper.

This full paper will be posted to the Coal-Fired Boiler Intelligence System and further analyzed in the FGD & DeNOx Newsletter. It will be available for discussion in a pre-conference webinar taking place in late August and to attendees at DSUA in Kansas City, SOx-NOx India and registrants to the Power-Gen New Orleans emerging market tutorial. The creation of specific cost factors is very valuable as a foundation for discussions of various alternatives in India, the U.S. and other countries.

According to Lhoist, EHLSs provide the following benefits compared to standard hydrated lime:

These benefits are a result of the EHLS’s engineered and improved physical properties, which are designed to enhance acid gas reactivity.

Lechler twin-absorb nozzles were selected for the modification, which was applied to three levels. For each level, the number of recirculation nozzles was increased from 66 to 128 with smaller diameters and flow rates without changing the liquid/gas ratio of each spray level. By increasing the recirculation nozzle quantity, a larger scrubbing area—meaning minimization of the amount of untreated raw gas — can be covered in the absorber. Thus, the SO_x emissions were reduced.

Three different types of nozzles were used for the modification. The nozzles close to the absorber wall were full-cone with 90˚ spraying angle, nozzles close to the main header were hollow-cone with 90˚ spraying angle, and nozzles at the center are hollow-cone with 120˚ spraying angle. The new type of nozzles also reduced the SO_x emission due to their secondary atomization property, which occurs by the impingement of the recirculating slurry particles. The impingement effect of the particles makes the slurry droplets fragment into very small grain sizes which increases the surface area of the slurry. Thus, the reacting surface area also increases. The increased reaction surface area of the slurry increases the amount of the chemical reaction between slurry and SO₂.

The new type of nozzles also reduced the SO_x emission due to their secondary atomization property which occurs by the impingement of the recirculating slurry particles. The impingement effect of the particles makes the slurry droplets fragment into very small grain sizes which increases the surface area of the slurry. Thus, the reacting surface area also increases. The increased reaction surface area of the slurry increases the amount of the chemical reaction between slurry and SO₂.

With the spray tower scrubber design there are a number of valves required. ITT reports that depending on size and layout, the FGD process in coal-fired power plants typically requires anywhere from 100 to 200 valves. In the process of transporting and handling the limestone slurry, knife-gate valves up to 60 inches in diameter may be needed. Because the limestone slurry is abrasive on the front end of the FGD process and slightly caustic after reacting with the flue gas, the knife-gate valves used in FGD are required to have upgraded materials including replaceable urethane liners.

For FGD slurry applications, additional considerations for knife-gate valves include specifying a product with a robust seal design that does not discharge media to the environment as well as a scraper design that is incorporated into the liners to clean the gate during operation and prevents media build up in the chest area.

For smaller valve sizes, diaphragm valves provide a reliable and economic solution in FGD slurry applications. The specified valves should be able to be easily maintained in-line. Other considerations in choosing a diaphragm valve for this service is that they should feature thick rubber liners, there should be no packing glands to maintain and the diaphragm should be able to close over suspended solids.

In the Babcock Power process, there are isolation valves for each of four spray header stages and pumps.

In 2017 the Central Electricity Authority released detailed specifications for limestone FGD systems. The bid awards have been to suppliers who had the fewest deviations from the specifications.

STANDARD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR RETROFIT OF WET LIMESTONE BASED FLUE GAS DESULPHURISATION (FGD) SYSTEM IN A TYPICAL 2 x 500 MW THERMAL POWER PLANT—CEA specifications issues 2017.

All metallic valves coming in contact with corrosive fluids shall be rubber lined metallic valves or of proven material suitable for the duty involved.

(i) All valves shall be suitable for the service conditions i.e. fluid flow, temperature and pressure under which they are required to operate and those performing similar duties shall be interchangeable with one another unless otherwise approved.

(ii) All gate valves shall be of the full way type unless otherwise approved and when in the full- open position, the bore of the valve shall not be obstructed by any part of the gate. Globe valves shall have curved, or spherical seating and the discs shall be free to revolve on the spindle.

(iii) All non-return valves shall have an arrow cast or embossed on the side of the valve body to indicate the direction of flow. For severe service conditions, cushioned check valves are preferred to obviate valve clatter. In case of the swing check valves, the body seat shall be inclined at such an angle to the vertical so as to facilitate closing and prevent clatter.

(iv) The internal diameter of all valve ends to be connected to pipes shall be the same as the internal diameter of the pipe to which they are joined so as to minimize use of reducers/expanders.

(vi) Wherever necessary, valves shall be fitted with indicators so that percentage of valve opening can be readily determined. Standard Technical Specification for Retrofit.

(vii) Manually-operated valves shall be operable by a single man capable of exerting 35 kg force (max) at the valve. Wherever more force is required to operate the valve, gear mechanism shall be provided.

(viii) All sampling and root valves furnished shall be of integral body bonnet type.

(ix) Where necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the plant, valves shall be provided with both hand and actuator operating gear. The valves shall be complete in all respects including actuator and necessary limit switches, torque limit switch linkages etc.

(x) Each motorized valve shall be supplied with two sets of position-operated adjustable limit switches each for open and close positions for signaling and interlocking. In addition, two numbers torque limit switches (one for fully open position and the other for fully closed position) shall be provided.

(xi) In case of regulating valves, provision shall also be made for suitable two numbers resistance position transmitters for remote position indication.

(xii) All gate and globe valves shall have bonnet-back seating arrangement to facilitate easy replacement of packing with the valves in service.

(xiii) All gate, globe and check valves shall be designed for reconditioning of seating surfaces and replacement of stem and disc without removing the valve body from the line.

(xiv) Wherever there is a provision for local control of valves, position indicator shall be readily visible from the operation position.

(xvi) The scheme/arrangement of valves and fittings shall be such that it shall be possible to do the maintenance of the control/regulating valves and spare/standby equipment without shutting down the FGD plant. All the control valves in the system shall be of 2x100 % capacity with proper isolating valves upstream and downstream of control valve for maintenance. The valves located in the inaccessible positions shall be motorized even if not required functionally.

(xvii) Necessary drain lines with valves of adequate size for draining the system and to achieve low pressure loss and low noise level shall be provided. All the drain lines shall be led to the nearest waste water treatment plant. The air release valves shall be fitted with an inverted ‘U’ pipe on the outlet and drain piping to the nearest drain. All drain and air release valves shall be located in positions convenient for operation. No drain line shall be sized below 25 mm ID. All drain lines shall be provided with two isolating globe valves in series.

There are detailed specifications of materials with 316 SS and stellite trim specified.

With possibly 100,000 MW of spray tower scrubbers in India, which are specified in such a detailed manner as to stifle innovation, it is worthwhile to review the history and general principles. The scrubbing choices can be likened to a bubble bath versus a shower. It takes a lot more water for the same level of cleanliness with the shower.

The original FGD scrubbers used the bubble bath principle. Marbles or ping-pong balls were supported by a screen or perforated plate. A turbulent or foamy zone created in this matrix provides a large liquid-gas interface area. The energy required to form this matrix can be varied from 2 in.to over 6 in. w.g.

The original suppliers of the fluid sphere scrubbers were UOP and Environeering. B&W partnered with UOP and Combustion Engineering partnered with Environeering to supply the world’s first limestone scrubbing systems for power plants.

The coal-fired power plant temperature excursions resulted in shattered glass marbles and melted ping-pong balls. The solution taken by B&W was to take out the balls and rely on the turbulent layer created above the perforated support tray. Presently, the company offers one or two tray designs. B&W has been a leading FGD supplier over the years.

The bubble bath approach is also used by Chiyoda. The flue gas blasts into the sub surface of the pool and creates a foamy zone. There are large numbers of these scrubbers in operation in Japan and the U.S.

Environeering switched from marbles to rod decks in either a downflow or upflow mode. In the compact downflow mode both particulate and acid gas are captured. A number of companies offer rod deck designs. The most recent is Andritz.

The choice between a spray tower and these turbulent zone designs is a choice between increased fan or pump horsepower. The spray tower requires large amounts of slurry to be pumped to the top of a tower. The Chiyoda scrubber does not require any pumping but does require increased fan horsepower to overcome an extra 4-6 in. w.g. pressure drop.

There has not been robust debate regarding the alternatives. McIlvaine will be soliciting comments from the major suppliers of both types and create a written debate. Let’s start with the opinion of Bob McIlvaine.

Bob McIlvaine, “It has been decades since I was directly involved. So, I start with that reservation. But as an observer, I believe that too much emphasis has been placed on the shower approach and not enough on the bubble bath.

The Rod D`eck scrubbers, such as those operating for decades at Duck Creek and Mississippi and Philadelphia Electric, have the advantages of high SO₂ removal, small footprint, and low maintenance. It may be possible that some of the spray tower advances over the years have made this alternative a better choice. But it would seem that the bubble bath approach is superior. It is conceded that mist elimination becomes more of a problem. When you tear droplets apart you have smaller droplets. So, you have to have better mist elimination. Fan horsepower is increased but pump horsepower is decreased.

Control of the operation may be a bigger challenge for the bubble bath type scrubbers. The Chiyoda 121 is clearly the simplest design. The question is whether maintenance is higher than in a spray tower design and whether control is more difficult.

There is also a hybrid mode for spray towers. Researchers have found that accelerating the gas flow through the spray tower increases SO₂ efficiency. So even though contact time is less, there may be more liquid-gas surface area due to liquid holdup and droplet fragmentation.”

We welcome comments and debate on this subject. Ideally, we can create a comparison chart with total horsepower for one approach vs another for various efficiency requirements. Does the hybrid have the advantages of both designs or not? We can also compare reliability and maintenance on some quantitative basis.

India’s Ministry of Power is lobbying the national government to further delay the deadline for compliance with new air pollution and water consumption standards for coal-fired power plants. The standards were originally intended to come into effect in December 2017 but was extended until 2022 after lobbying from power producers. Now, in a Supreme Court case over air pollution, the government has stated that it plans to change the standard for oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions to allow coal-fired power plants to emit 450 milligrams per normal cubic meter (mg/Nm³) compared to the original standard of 300 mg/Nm³. Nitrogen oxides pollution contributes to smog formation and increases the likelihood of respiratory problems.

Determining True Cost for Dry Scrubbing through Coal Fired Power Plant Decisions

Dry scrubbing is one of the options used by coal-fired power plant operators to capture SO₂, sulfuric acid mist and other acid gases. 44I Coal Fired Power Plant Decisions provides a forum for end users and suppliers to determine which pollution control options are best for a specific plant. Because of lack of water, low SO₂ concentrations, weak gypsum market demand, and other factors a dry rather than wet scrubbing solution may be the best choice.

The choice is made more complex by the need to address multiple pollutants. Dry scrubbing is effective in removing SO₃ whereas this is not true of wet scrubbers. With the addition of activated carbon, dry scrubbers can also remove mercury. There are multiple dry scrubber designs. Some are better with higher sulfur levels. So, the fuel becomes one variable in the pursuit of the lowest total cost of ownership solution.

There are multiple dry scrubbing technologies. One is the spray dryer absorber (SDA). This utilizes the same principle used in manufacturing instant coffee or powdered soft drinks. A slurry is sprayed into a vessel through which the hot gas flows. The liquid evaporates. The acid gas reacts with the absorbing particles. The particles are then captured in a fabric filter.

The circulating fluid bed (CFB) scrubber functions by passing the acid gas through a fluidized bed of lime particles. Circulating Dry Scrubbers (CDS) entrain and then separate the particles. Lime or sodium particles are injected into the flue gas duct with Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) systems. The catalytic filter uses the DSI principle ahead of a ceramic filter medium with embedded catalyst for both particulate control and NO_x reduction.

There are several materials, fibers, media configurations and element designs that are utilized. The collection media in the fabric filter has a major impact on cost. The optimum gas velocity can vary depending on the media selected. If the velocity can be doubled then the size of the unit can be halved. Instead of 4000 bags for a big installation maybe only 2000 would be needed.

On the other hand, the cost of ownership is significantly affected by the bag life. If bags last one year rather than four or five years, then bag costs become a significant part of the total expense. The energy cost is also a factor. Energy consumption increases in direct proportion to velocity. It also increases in direct proportion to the thickness of the dust cake on the filter media.

In the case where only particulate is to be captured it is best to establish a semi-permanent cake on the bags and then pulse off the new cake. In accounting terms this is LIFO (last in first out). However, for dry scrubbing it is best to remove the reacted gypsum and retain the fresh lime (FIFO). The industry has not formally addressed FIFO vs. LIFO and needs to do so.

The need to maximize acid gas capture and the resultant substantial increase in particulate loading affects the choice of fibers and filter media. The type of cleaning (reverse air or pulsing with compressed air) also determines the selection of the lowest true cost medium.

The fuel or product being calcined or treated also impacts the medium. If a high sulfur fuel is burned, the costs of dry scrubbing are comparatively higher than if a low sulfur fuel is burned. Various fibers react differently to various combinations of acid gases, temperature and humidity. One fiber may handle SO₂ and HF in relatively humid conditions at 300 F whereas another cannot.

Temperature resistance is important for several reasons. One is that a fiber which can withstand the temperature excursions will have a longer life than one which is dependent on more perfect operation of the system. Another consideration is the potential to recover heat.

An alternative to glass and polymeric resins is a ceramic fiber matrix. Elements can contain embedded catalysts. Dry sorbent injection ahead of the ceramic media can be utilized to provide removal of dust and acid gases while reducing NO_x. The resultant clean hot gas at 600°F or higher can then be directed to an efficient heat exchanger and most of the potential energy recovered.

The material, fiber design, media construction and filter element shape all have to be designed to address the unique requirements of the application and the technology being employed.

Performance varies both in terms of temperature, abrasion and chemical resistance.

There are differences in laminates with multiple non-woven layers being employed with varying support materials and designs. Fiber shape is also a variable.

How complex are the decisions: There are at least 1500 combinations to assess.

But there are also site-specific considerations such as cost of electricity, reagents, pollution limits, plant life, existing equipment. So, these can present another 100 variables resulting in 150,000 factors.

There are mountains of information available on all the different variables. Determining which information will help select the lowest total cost of ownership product is a daunting task. The answer is “shared responsibility and collaboration.” Organizations focused on components such as filter media or reagents can contribute but only if there is a clear path on how to do so. The Dry Scrubber Users Group, which is focused on the subject in the broadest terms, can be the catalyst to help bring other organizations into what can be titled a True Cost program. The program can provide access to the needed evidence for validation of lowest total cost of ownership. Conferences and exhibitions can provide a forum for actual validation of supplier claims. The categories include component-related conferences as well as industry conferences.

Shared responsibility and collaboration are best driven by suppliers who are convinced that their product has the lowest true cost and are willing to help provide all the evidence, pro & con, to support their position. Coal Fired Boiler Decisions has a Dry Scrubber Decision Guide, a monthly FGD newsletter and another newsletter just on Fabric Filters. Information has been compiled for this service for 45 years. Collaboration with publishers and conference organizers includes dry scrubbing tour maps and networking at exhibitions.

Coal Fired Power Plant Decisions is being offered free of charge to utility operators. Suppliers can participate with just a $1600/yr. subscription. For more information click on 44I Coal Fired Power Plant Decisions.

MET has one of the largest reference lists of FGD scrubbers with some of the systems dating back more than 40 years. There are several ways to improve performance by improving the distribution and quantity of the sprayed liquid. Another option is to install a tray in an existing open spray tower. This paper was presented in 2012 but will prove useful to owners thinking about upgrades.

Summary of Air Emissions from the First Year Operation of Jea’s Northside Generating Station

This was a 2003 paper, but information is relevant today. Each CFB’s Dry Scrubbing System consists of a Wheelabrator Air Pollution Control, 48 ft. diameter, spray dryer absorber followed by an eight compartment JET VIP™ intermediate pressure pulse jet fabric filter. The slurry pumping and valve system is designed to isolate individual atomizing nozzles for repair during operation. The paper does not detail the valve description or manufacturer but at DSUA meetings, there have been several discussions on the Fujikin valves for this service.

Retrofitting an absorber tray into an open spray tower is an effective way to maximize the contact between the flue gas and the slurry. The tray maximizes the contact between the gas and the slurry due to the vigorous frothing action that occurs on the tray. The absorber tray also evenly distributes the flue gas flow across the absorber cross-section, promoting optimum contact as the flue gas passes through the absorber spray levels.

Carmeuse Majan, a Salalah Free Zone company, operates a lime kiln at full capacity of 400 tons per day (tpd). It is ready for growth depending upon availability of natural gas, which is crucial for any expansion.

“Development of four kilns is our current expansion plan. Of that, the second kiln investment preparations have already started and gas allocation to the second kiln at the soonest is an absolute necessity,” he said and added that in 10 to 15 years from now Carmeuse Majan would have eight kilns.

He, however, reiterated the urgent need of gas to meet the company’s target. “This will require gas allocation to support a third and fourth kiln within three to five years and to support fuel needs for four kilns in 8 to 15 years.”

Carmeuse lime, according to Abdalla, is in very good demand in India and other countries and called for seizing the opportunity of organic market growth and be ahead of competition from UAE, Malaysia, Vietnam, etc.

Commenting on some of the broad industry trends and developments taking place in his market, Abdalla termed India as the main target market at the current stage as the steel industry is the main consumer of quick lime in the Indian market.

“Lime demand in India is projected to grow from seven to 12 million tons by 2020 driven by the fast-growing steel industry. Reports suggest that India aims to achieve 300 million tons of annual steel production by 2025-30,” he said.

The lime is ideal for a large variety of high demanding applications such as steel, paper, water and waste water, agri-food, construction, flue gas cleaning, chemical industry and others. The majority of the production is exported to India.

Chiyoda and Larsen & Toubro are Offering the Chiyoda FGD Systems to Indian Power Plants

Chiyoda and L&T have an agreement to supply CT-121^TM process technology for Indian SO₂ emitters. There are 83 CT-121^TM units worldwide, and where environmental regulations are stringent, the CT-121 process has more than 20 percent share in Japan and the U.S. The Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121^TM FGD process is a unique technology developed by Chiyoda in which SO₂ is absorbed from flue gas generated by coal-fired, oil-fired and other types of boilers and removed as gypsum. Unlike conventional processes in which the reagent slurry is sprayed on the flue gas, the CT-121^TM process uses Chiyoda’s unique absorber, the Jet Bubbling Reactor (JBR), in which the flue gas is blown into the reagent slurry, forming a fine bubble bed where SO₂ is absorbed, oxidized by injected air, and then neutralized by ground limestone slurry. Due to the problem with supplying rolled steel plate to the job site and the relatively compact design of the 121 scrubber, it would seem that the design has an economic advantage. In the U.S. some of the scrubber vessels are FRP. In one case a 100 ft diameter FRP scrubber is utilized in a U.S. power plant.

There are over 100 articles on the Chiyoda 121 in Coal-Fired Power Plant Decisions.

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER March 2008 No. 359 Chiyoda System Achieving 98+ Percent Efficiency at Dayton Power & Light Killen 2 Black & Veatch (B &V...

... September 2005 No. 329 Large Number of FGD Contracts Decided including 4400 MW for Chiyoda Utility companies are moving up their scrubber installation dates to take advantage of the higher...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER June 2008 No. 362 B&V and Chiyoda Renew Agreement B&V has renewed its exclusive licensing agreement with Chiyoda Corporation for Chiyoda's...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER March 2005 No. 323 Chiyoda CT-121 for Georgia Power Bowen 1-4 Chiyoda Corp. signed a contract with Southern Company Service, Inc. (...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER August 2008 No. 364 Chiyoda CT-121 FGD System for Asnaes Chiyoda Corp. has reached an agreement with Danish company Burmeister & Wain Energy AS...

.... Bowen is slated for the fourth quarter 2007. Southern is a licensee of Chiyoda. It has its own engineering group (Southern Services). But since it...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER February 2002 No. 286 Multi-Pollutant Control with a Chiyoda CT-121 FGD N. Miyata and S. Kido of Chiyoda Corp., P....

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER February 2011 No. 394 Chiyoda FGD Installed at 147-MW Asnaes 2 in 23 Months Dong Energy completed a Chiyoda wet limestone CT-121 FGD system on...

...Power Station in China" by Tadashi Ito, Takao Kameda and Akira Kumagai, Chiyoda Corporation, Yokohama, Japan. 10 p. The installation of ChiyodaThoroughbred-121...

...FABRIC FILTER NEWSLETTER May 1999 No. 283 Chiyoda Catalyst Decomposes Dioxin Chiyoda Corp. (Tokyo) has developed a proprietary catalyst that decomposes dioxin at normal pressure and...

Marsulex Environmental Technology and Thermax are partnering to pursue South Asian markets with two MET technologies. One is wet limestone FGD systems and the other spray dryer absorber systems. Thermax is a billion-dollar corporation with a concentration in combust, flow and treat for power, waste-to-energy and other industries.

MET is the result of a number of mergers. However, it can claim to be the original spray tower limestone scrubber company. Ab Saleem at Ontario Hydro was the leader in a utility-backed effort to develop a scrubber with no internals and potential for plugging, In the early days, the chemistry control was poor. His spray tower design was adopted by GE, which eventually sold it to MET. Until this development, the choices were perforated plates, ping-pong balls, or marbles, Total FGD awards over the years exceed 100,000 MW.

TSGenco Moving Forward with Air Pollution Control Upgrades at Four Units Totaling 1800 MW

The Telangana Generation Corp. has awarded BHEL contracts for two air pollution control projects in the State.

BHEL has been contracted to install Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) plants and additional Electrostatic Precipitators at the seventh stage of the Kothagudem Thermal Power Station (KTPS), which was commissioned in December and the ongoing Bhadradri Thermal Power Project (1080 MW). All the contracts put together are worth ₹ 920 crore.

The generation corporation has invited tenders for preparation of detailed project reports for installation of the equipment at the existing four units of KTPS, which have an aggregate installed capacity of 1800 MW.

TSGenco Chairman D. Prabhakar Rao said Telangana had higher emission level problems with eight units of KTPS, of which three have been retired and had given an undertaking to the Environment Ministry that five more units of the station will be retired by December 31 this year. The eight units that had come under scanner had a generation capacity of 720 MW and were nearly five decades old. But no decision was taken on their replacement. 4400 MW of coal-fired power are in operation and 5000 MW is under construction.

Project	Inst. Capacity (MW)	Total (MW)
Kakatiya TPP	1x500+1x600	1100
Kothagudem TPS	4x60+4x120+2x250+1x500+1x800	3260
Ramagundam TS	1x62.5
Bhadradri Thermal Power Plant	4x270	1080 MW Under Construction^[8]
Yadadri Thermal Power Plant	1x800	4000 MW under construction

Yokogawa Process Optimization Reduces Yearly Costs in Limestone FGD System in Japanese Power Plant

A 700-MW coal-fired power plant in Japan implemented the optimization system described with a Yokogawa process management system. This plant runs about 300 days per year at baseload and is not in operation for the other 65 days of the year. The energy savings realized by running only the required number of recirculation pumps was 12.4 percent of the unit’s total house load, equating to about $900,000 in energy savings per year based on market conditions in Japan. Another benefit was reduced pump run times, which resulted in lower pump maintenance costs and extended pump life. A third benefit was less limestone usage.

With the potential for 163,000 MW of FGD, the total number of units utilizing wet or dry technology will exceed 500. Since installation is needed by 2022, several orders have been placed. We will be providing the details by unit and will be providing summaries by supplier. We will also provide updated tables in the Alert every few weeks.

All the FGD technology is being supplied by international companies. Some companies also have Indian subsidiaries. However, most of the orders are being booked by local Indian companies with international licenses.

Doosan Is Active in India and Around the World in the Full Range of APC Equipment

With the acquisition of Babcock Contractors and Lentjes, Doosan is now a leader in air pollution control.

Doosan Lentjes has signed a contract for the supply of fabric filters for a power plant in Chvaletice, Czech Republic. The main contractor is the local company ZK Termochem.

The power plant with its 4 x 205 MWe boilers is owned and operated by the Czech energy supplier Sev.en Energy. All four units will be equipped with new filter systems, with the filters for boilers 3&4 being installed first, followed by those for boilers 1&2.

The current contract includes the delivery of two new low-pressure baghouse filters downstream of boilers 3 & 4; the contract for the delivery of the filters for the units 1&2 will be concluded separately.

The new filter systems will remove solid particulates and secure full compliance with emission legislation. Both residents and local industry will, thus, benefit from a reliable and environmentally-friendly supply of electricity and steam. In addition, the retrofit measures will comprise a more efficient flyash transport system.

Doosan Lentjes’ scope of work in the project will include engineering, delivery of key filter internals and the fly ash transport system.

Commenting on the contract; Frank Oberheid, Product Director Air Quality Control Systems (AQCS) at Doosan Lentjes, said, “This current project is a milestone for us. It is not only an important filter reference on the Czech market; it again demonstrates that our technology is competitive and meets state-of-the-art requirements. Our technology thus makes a valuable contribution to reducing the environmental impact of local power plants and supports efforts to promote a clean air.”

Doosan Lentjes and the local EPC contractor EKON are currently building a wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plant.

Located in Çan/Çanakkale, the FGD plant is being installed downstream of two existing circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers each with a capacity of 160 MWe. Final client and plant operator is Turkey’s largest electric power entity, the Electricity Generation Company, EÜAS.

Obra-C STPP, Unit-1&2 (2 x 660 MW): The Boiler and Turbine Foundation work are under progress. The anticipated dates of commissioning are 21.08.2020 & 21.12.2020 with COD on 21.12.2020 7 21.04.2021 for Unit-I & Unit-II respectively. Installation of FGD included in EPC contract being executed by M/S Doosan Power Systems India Pvt. Ltd. (DPSI)

Jawaharpur STPP, Unit-1&2 (2 x 660 MW): Boiler & Turbine Piling work under progress. The Date of Commissioning is 21.08.2020 and 21.12.2020 with COD on 21.12.2020 & 21.04.2021 for Unit-I & Unit-II respectively. FGD Plant: Installation of FGD included in EPC contract being executed by M/S Doosan Power Systems India Pvt. Ltd. (DPSI)

Doosan is a large South Korean company which has made strategic acquisitions to position it as a major supplier to the coal-fired power plant industry. It purchased Babcock Contractors several years ago. This gave it FGD expertise in addition to what it was developing internally and to its license from Marsulex (now MET Technologies). Then it acquired Lentjes in 2011. Therefore, it has experience in wet and dry FGD through these entities.

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER August 2005 No. 328 two 500-MW FGD systems for the Taean 7 & 8 coal-fired power plants. Doosan Supplies Single Absorber of up to 800 MW Doosan will complete construction in 2007 of the two 500-MW FGD systems...Marsulex license expires in 2011 and Doosan has own design

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER February 2012 No. 406 FGD Startups for Doosan Lentjes AE&E Lentjes, acquired by Doosan, enjoyed rising revenues, profits and employment... this includes FGD systems in Mainz and Nanchung in the 2005-2009 period

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER April 2019 No. 492 Doosan Supplying 75 MW CFB and Flue Gas Cleaning for Japanese Biomass Boiler Doosan Lentjes is to deploy its circulating fluidized...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER February 2017 No. 466 Doosa Lentjes Announced Its Circoclean^® Dry FGD Plant Passed Performance Test Doosan Lentjes announced that its Circoclean... The power station in Iasi, Romania

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER July 2018 No. 483 Doosan Lentjes and Elsaco Electronic to Supply FGD System for Romanian---contract by CET Govora SA to retrofit a power station in Romania with a modern flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. The contract requires the wet limestone FGD technology to be applied to the two coal-fired boilers C5 and C6 each with a capacity of 345 MWth.

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER August 2018 No. 484 Doosan received Seawater Scrubber Order for NORCEM in 2017 NORCEM AS, part of the Heidelberg Cement Group, owns and…

Indure has considerable experience in dry FGD material handling having supplied ash handling systems for over 78,000 MW including systems for large units of size 660 MW and 800 MW. Indure has further enhanced its portfolio for flue gas desulfurization systems by entering into an alliance with RAFAKO S.A, Poland to offer Dry/Semi Dry flue gas desulfurization systems to effectively control pollution from SO_x emissions.

RAFAKO is a Polish company dealing with the design, manufacturing, construction and maintenance of machinery and power equipment. RAFAKO was established in year 1949 and is one of the manufacturers from Europe for supercritical boilers, ESPs and FGD systems. RAFAKO has delivered more than 500 boilers all over the world including India with a total capacity of around 40,000 MW. RAFAKO offers DSI, CDS, and SDA designs of dry and semi dry systems.

Indure has an exclusive license agreement with Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH to provide lime/limestone-based wet Flue Gas Desulfurization and seawater-based Flue Gas Desulfurization systems.

Steinmuller Babcock Environment GmbH headquartered in Germany has around 50,000 MW of Flue Gas Desulfurization installation base across the world. methods for acidic pollutant gas removal can be divided into dry, semidry and wet processes. The purely dry process, Circusorb, is more suitable for waste incineration plants and is not offered for industrial power plants. The recommended alternative for coal-fired plants is the semidry method, using rotary atomizers and atomizer nozzles. In terms of wet methods, the company offers spray tower scrubbers as single-loop absorbers, dual-loop absorbers and as through-pass absorbers, based on seawater.

Our Coal-Fired Boiler Decisions systems and Calcium FGD sub system contain a presentation in Kolkata, Raipur, Hyderabat November 2016 by Dr. Frank Delle.

The FGD technology is an amalgamation of that developed by Deutche Babcock, Noel KRC, and Steinmuller. There are more than 1,000 gas cleaning installations with more than 700 in Europe, 200 in Asia, and 80 in the Americas. The open spray tower design is utilized. The presentation at an Indian conference in 2016 has details on the Plock FGD retrofit with good totals for consumption of limestone, water, energy, etc. The license to Indure includes review of engineering as the project progresses.

For NO_x removal, Indure has a license from Termokimik Corp. This engineering contracting and construction company from Italy specializes in the design, manufacturing, supply and installation of a wide range of processes and turn-key industrial plants in the field of environment control technologies. With more than 28,000 MW of successfully realized installations all over the world, Termokimik is a leading supplier of SCR systems to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides.

BHEL has won an order worth Rs 840 crore from an NTPC subsidiary for emission control equipment from Nabinagar Power Generating Company Ltd (NPGCL).

The order involves supply and installation of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system for control of sulfur oxides emissions at the 3x660 MW Nabinagar project in Aurangabad district of Bihar. With this order, the company is presently executing FGD systems for 23 units of NTPC and its joint ventures. Overall, BHEL has contracted FGD orders for 37 units from various customers.

BHEL commissioned seawater-based FGD at Trombay unit #8 250 MW of MHI Technology in 2010. It supplied Wet Limestone based FGD to NTPC Bongaigaon 3x250 MW of Ducon Technology in 2012.

The presentation at SO_x-NO_x in 2018 covers the unique aspects of the double contact absorber, the limestone grinding to 20 mm followed by a ball mill circuit, the scrubber and then dewatering using vacuum filter belts. There are good process diagrams.

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER April 2019 No. 492 BHE Licenses Both Catalyst and SCR System Technology in June of 2018, India's Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL ...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER March 2018 No. 479 BHEL Receives FGD System Order from NTPC for Capital Power Station in Dadri, Uttar Pradesh BHEL has bagged an order ...

... FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER December 2017 No. 476 BHEL wins Rs 7,300 Cr Order from TANGEDCO Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has won a Rs...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER June 2013 No. 422 MHI Has FGD License Deal with BHEL Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) is to license its FGD technologies to Bharat

... has become difficult due to the competition and has led some suppliers to diversify. BHEL wins Rs 7,300 Cr Order from TANGEDCO Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL...

...with our well-known former colleagues to complete the few remaining CBET projects. "BHEL Receives FGD System Order from NTPC for Capital Power Station in Dadri, Uttar Pradesh...

...further reduced to 40 mg/m³ through the use of electrostatic precipitators supplied by BHEL, India. W 029 INDIA, C DOOSAN, C BHEL, IH 453...

...MW Bongaigaon in India Ducon has secured a contract from Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) for a limestone based FGD system for a 3 x 250 MW thermal power...

ISGEC Heavy Engineering Ltd. is a multi-product, multi-location public company, which has been providing engineering solutions to customers across 91 countries for the past 85 years. There are multiple partners for air pollution control equipment.

Envirotherm GmbH, Germany: for Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) up to 1000Mwe (Tumbling Hammer Design) Indigenous Top Rapped Compact Design for Industrial Range Boilers/Other Applications Experience: More than 150+ ESP Installations, with biggest unit of 180 MW.

Fuel Tech Inc., USA: For reduction of Particulate Matter emissions by use of Electrostatic Precipitators performance improvement technologies (especially Flue Gas Conditioning). For NO_x reduction processes by use of urea or ammonia (SCR and SNCR)

Babcock Power Environmental Inc., USA: For Wet Limestone-based Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems of more than 100 MWe Unit Size.

ISGEC Redecam Enviro Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: For Bag Filters and Hybrid Filters for all industrial applications; for ESP's for Ferrous, Non-ferrous and Cement Industry for Dry DeSOx solutions (Dry Sorbent Injection & Circulating Dry Scrubber) for Industrial Applications.

Sumitomo SHI FW. ISGEC is the partner for CFB boilers and CFB dry scrubbers. A joint ISGEC/ SHI FW webinar was held in India in June. Presenters were Robert Giglio | Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning and Business Development | Sumitomo SHI FW. Asif Hussain|Senior VP of Strategic Business Development Sumitomo SHI FW, Greg Szulc| Commercial Manager|Sumitomo SHI FW and Niranjan Shastry|Senior Vice President|ISGEC Heavy Engineering Limited.

The following questions relative to CFB scrubber technology were also addressed.

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER June 2003 No. 302 Wulff FGD Orders Wulff has dry FGD system orders at Yinchuan/Ningxia power plant, China, August 2003 start-up ...

...FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER December 2003 No. 308 Wulff Chinese FGD Orders Wulff is supplying dry reflux circulating fluid bed scrubber modules for the 200-MW Quingshan plant in Hubei ...

...EVN's 275-MW Theiss power plant in Austria. Rolf Graf and Sebastian Zimmer report that WULFF supplied the system, which has high availability (98 percent), low personnel...

...MW FGD Startup FGD Licensor FGD Reagent FGD Method Guangzhou Henyun 2 units 600 2007 Wulff lime CFB Guangdong Huilai Phase I 1,2 1200 2008 Babcock & Wilcox limestone...

...gases from larger units. Revision Date: 3/26/2014 Foster Wheeler Wulff scrubbers operating in U.S at Dry Fork, 600-MW units in China and longer...

... Turbosorp System were less than for a SDA system. Bill Ellison of Ellison represented Wulff. Wulff is supplying 350 MW CFB systems in China.

ISGEC Heavy Engineering has emerged the lowest bidder (L-1) in reverse auction for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) 3 units x 800 MW from NTPC - Kudgi Super Thermal Power Project. The value of the expected order is about Rs 700 crore $98 million.

Kudgi Super Thermal Power Project will have an installed capacity of 4000 MW (3x800 MW in first stage and 2x800 MW in second stage). Doosan Power Systems India Pvt Ltd will supply the Steam Generator for the plant and Toshiba JSW Power Systems Pvt Ltd will supply super-critical steam turbine and generator with L&T Howden supplying Axial fans to NTPC for the plan. The first three units were installed in 2016-2018.

Babcock Power is the licensor for the wet limestone system. The company supplies both wet and dry systems as chronicled in the FGD Newsletter.

... and Dry FGD Technologies for use with Low- and Medium-sulfur Coal Industrial MACT Webinar Babcock Power is Supplying CDS for Michigan City 12 CDS Can Meet Mercury and SO₂ Dry...

...a 5.5 lb/MMBtu inlet SO₂ (0.17 lb./MMBtu outlet). Babcock Power Environmental Inc. (BPEI) was contracted to upgrade the existing wet FGD ...

... pattern. APS Cholla Units 3 and 4 are replacing old Hamon RC scrubbers with Babcock Power open tower scrubbers. These are lime units using inhibited oxidation.

... removal device. Austrian Energy's Turbosorp, which is marketed in the U.S. by Babcock Power Environmental, functions much like the Graf-Wulff scrubber. An alternative technology is the…

In a 2018 McIlvaine Hot Topic Hour, Folke Friesen of Evonik Energy Services provided insights into the growing use of lime in German power plants. Consumption is now 25 percent of the total. The reason is the higher efficiency and lower overall life cycle costs. The big saving is in pump horsepower. Folke said that chalk is a good option. Sea shells turn to chalk and eventually to limestone. There are chalk deposits in the U.S., although maybe not as prevalent as those in the Baltic Sea. Participants indicated that this is a good area for more investigation.

Tony Licata of Babcock Power Environmental described two successful lime scrubber startups in the U.S. He believes that owners and engineers should not be so quick to dismiss the wet lime option. Lower life cycle costs are obtained under certain site-specific conditions including the differential delivered cost of lime as opposed to limestone. He made the point that limestone delivery includes costs of diesel fuel for transport whereas lime is dependent on the coal price at the kiln.

Kevin Smith of Dravo Technology, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Carmeuse North America, explained that Carmeuse has revived the Dravo name and the charter to take a holistic approach to reagent selection. It is researching alternative technologies such as lime forced oxidation. Magnesium enhanced lime has many advantages including the ability to generate magnesium hydroxide.

McIlvaine believes that inhibited oxidation lime is a good alternative for small, older plants. The capital cost is lower. Because the expected life is less, the capital cost is significant. The elimination of an expensive gypsum wash water cleanup system is another reason to select this option.

Indian power companies are concerned about reducing particulate. Babcock Power has supplied rod deck scrubbers instead of spray towers for several plants. The advantage is particulate removal along with acid gases.

GE Power India has been awarded three contracts from government-owned NTPC Ltd to supply and install wet flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) systems for a combined value of Rs 2,311 crore.

The three power plant projects are IGSTPP Jhajjar (3x500 MW) by Aravali Power Company, Simhadri Super Thermal Power Station Stage I (2x500 MW) and Stage II (2x500 MW) by NTPC and Sipat Super Thermal Power Station by Stage I (3x660 MW) by NTPC.

The FGD newsletter has some relevant India articles under GE as per below but the older ones are under the Alstom name. The company installed seawater scrubbing systems and then received the first order from an Indian power plant for a limestone system.

... FGD and DeNOx NEWSLETTER November 2018 No. 487 GE Power to supply Wet FGD Technology for Four NTPC Coal Plants GE Power has announced that it has been awarded …

Hamon Indian Subsidiary Selling Cooling Towers, Chimneys and Air Pollution Control Equipment in India

Hamon Research Cottrell India Pvt. Ltd. (HRC INDIA) is wholly owned company and member of the Air Pollution Control division of the worldwide Hamon Group having its headquarters in Belgium. It was formed in July 2011. Prior to the formation, Hamon was operating through their licensees namely Voltas, and ACC and joint venture company Hamon Shriram Cottrell. HRC INDIA is the center of excellence for Hamon AQS business unit. Employee strength is 126. Registered office is at Chennai. A branch office is at Kolkata. Sales Representatives are in Mumbai & Delhi.

Rieco Offers A Limestone FGD System with A Venturi Scrubber for Particulate removal

Rieco will be an exhibitor at the SOx-NOx Conference in India in September. The FGD system design is apparently similar to a number of systems installed in the U.S., which can achieve relatively low particulate emissions with pressure drop through the venturi section from 5 to 15 inches w.g. The higher the pressure drop, the higher the particulate removal efficiency. This system can replace an old inefficient precipitator. Alternatively, instead of a cyclone, the existing ESP can be kept in place.

Klaus Baernthaler made a presentation at EEC Power India in 2016 relative to Andritz capabilities. Over 200 references worldwide with 100 SCR installations and 200 wet FGD technology (>120.000 MWel) and 50 references with semi dry Turbo CDS technology.

The presentation shows the FGD plus which uses a rod deck prior to the fine sprays. (This will remove more particulate than a spray tower and needs to be investigated for Indian retrofits).

Larsen and Toubro Designs Plants, Air Pollution Control Systems and manufactures Components Such as Valves

L&T’s Power Business wins (significant) orders from DVC Mumbai, July 19, 2019: The Power business of Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has bagged significant engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) orders from Damodar Valley Corp. (DVC) to set up Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems in three power plants of DVC — Durgapur Steel Thermal Power Station (2x500 MW), Mejia Thermal Power Station (2x500 MW) and Raghunathpur Thermal Power Station (2x600 MW) — in West Bengal. This is in continuation to the orders L&T had received earlier from NTPC for setting up FGD systems. Installation of FGD systems in existing and upcoming thermal power plants has been made mandatory by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, to curtail SO₂ emissions.

Commenting on the FGD orders, Mr. Shailendra Roy, CEO & Managing Director, L&T Power and Whole-Time Director, L&T, said, “We are delighted to have secured orders from a prestigious client like DVC. L&T is fully equipped to provide solutions for SO_x and NO_x control to its clients. Considering the deadline endorsed by the apex court, other power plants will have to hasten the process of the FGD award to meet the scheduled time frame. L&T will continue to play a significant role in this market of SO_x and NO_x reduction.”

L&T Wins 2x660 MW Power Project (mega*) Order in Bihar Mumbai, June 24, 2019: The Power business of Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has bagged a mega* engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) order from SJVN Thermal Private Limited to set up a 2x660 MW ultra-supercritical power plant in Buxar district, Bihar. SJVN Thermal Private Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of SJVN Limited, a joint venture of the Government of India and the Government of Himachal Pradesh and a Mini Ratna public sector undertaking. Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the plant in March this year. The scope of work for L&T includes Design, Engineering, Manufacture, Procurement, Supply, Construction, Erection, Testing & Commissioning of Buxar Thermal Power Project (2x660 MW), on a turnkey basis, covering steam generator, steam turbine generator, electrostatic precipitator, NO_x control system, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system and complete balance of plant (BoP) systems, including raw water intake system, make-up water system, coal & ash handling system, ash dyke, complete E&I system including switchyard and complete civil, structural and architectural works.

L&T’s Power Business wins Orders Worth ₹1400 Crore Mumbai, September 27, 2018: The Power business of Larsen & Toubro has won orders worth ₹1400 crore. The business has received two orders for setting up Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems from NTPC at its Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Plant in Madhya Pradesh and Darlipali Super Thermal Power Project in Odisha. Installation of FGD systems in existing and upcoming thermal power plants has been made mandatory by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, to curtail SO₂ emissions.

L&T has a long-term technical license agreement with Chiyoda Corp. of Japan for its Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121^TM (CT-121^TM) FGD technology. The agreement grants L&T exclusive rights to undertake engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of CT-121^TM FGD systems. The CT-121^TM FGD process is a unique technology developed by Chiyoda in which sulfur dioxide is absorbed from flue gas generated by coal-fired, oil-fired and other types of boilers and removed as gypsum. The Power business of L&T, through its joint venture companies, has also won orders in the domestic and export markets for engineering services and supply of components.

L&T has a long-term technical license agreement with Chiyoda Corp., Japan, for its Chiyoda Thoroughbred 121^TM (CT-121^TM) Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) technology. The agreement grants L&T exclusive rights to undertake EPC of CT-121^TM FGD systems. The CT-121^TMFGD process is a unique technology in which sulfur dioxide is absorbed from flue gas generated by coal-fired, oil-fired and other types of boilers and removed as gypsum. This technology is highly efficient, enabling low-cost removal of flue gas SO₂. Moreover, it ensures that the plant remains compact and easy to maintain.

L&T-MHPS Boilers Private Limited, a joint venture of Larsen & Toubro Limited and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Limited, Japan, has a technology license agreement for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems with MHPS. The agreement is for design, engineering, manufacture, installation, commissioning, and sale of new boilers under BTG, EPC or SG packages or standalone SCR systems, and for existing and under construction boilers on exclusive basis in India. The SCR systems limit oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions.

For power plants above 300-MW capacities, L&T supplies Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) under a technology license agreement with Clyde Bergemann, USA. Advanced technological features of the product ensure energy efficiency and low downtime.

A joint venture of Larsen & Toubro Limited, India and Sargent & Lundy L.L.C, USA, has been in operation since 1995. It combines deep domain expertise, internationally-aligned systems and processes, as well as unique 3D modeling techniques to converge technical consultancy with high-end solutions and delivery. Relative to experience, S&L has engineered over 28 DSI units for SO₂ only and 41 DSI units for SO₂ and HCl. It has designed 35 dry FGD systems totaling over 16,000 MW, and 58 SCR units totaling over 30,000 MW have been supplied.

Coal-Fired Power Plant Decisions has hundreds of articles about S&L activities. McIlvaine was a subcontractor to EPRI while S&L was the main contractor on a study involving upgrading of FGD systems.

McIlvaine and S&L were both working with the National Lime Association. S&L was hired to compare the cost of dry scrubbing to limestone scrubbing as well as wet lime to limestone. The study is available at https://www.lime.org/documents/uses_of_lime/wet_fgdte2003.pdf

The conclusion is that while the cost of lime is much higher than limestone the capital cost of the wet lime system is less. Therefore, where the sulfur content is low the wet lime is likely the lower total cost of ownership. The study also considered dry FGD and DSI where the cost is very sensitive to sulfur content.

This study was done before the cost of removing contaminants, such as selenium from FGD wastewater, was required. Due to the high cost of wastewater treatment, it is worth considering natural instead of forced oxidation. This greatly lowers the capital cost. The sulfite sludge is chemically fixed with lime and makes a good landfill product. The toxic metals are encased and will not leach out. This approach can be cost effective at sulfur levels higher than are economical for dry systems.

The point here is that Sargent & Lundy has the cost knowledge. The joint venture partnership can assess this potentially attractive alternative, which utilizes concepts applied by Dravo Lime in the 1970s.

The Coal-Fired Boiler Decisions intelligence system has more than 50 articles on Larsen & Toubro and thousands of articles on partners such as Chiyoda, Sargent & Lundy, and MHPS.

Larsen & Toubro has complete range of valves for ultrasupercritical coal plant The Indian market accounts for nearly 50 percent of L&T Valves revenue, and the balance comes from international markets, with the Middle East being the most prominent territory. “We are a one-stop-shop for almost all types of process valves – gate, globe, check, ball, butterfly, and plug valves. We offer these valves in many combinations of size, pressure class, materials, and so on, and we are equipped to provide our clients with almost all their process valves requirements,” says N.V. Venkatasubramanian (Venkat), Chief Executive and Director. “Further, L&T Valves also offers a complete range of valves for the power industry. In fact, we are one of the few companies that can offer all valves and accessories required for an ultra-supercritical thermal power station.” “Custom-engineered solutions for defense and aerospace applications form an important part of our portfolio. The experience that we gain from working in these sectors has helped us to improve our product quality, strengthen our processes and expand our knowledge base.” https://www.seals.saint-gobain.com/sites/imdf.seals.com/files/valveworldindia-april-may-2018.pdf locator power, valve: company Larsen & Toubro, key word valve publication Valve World India

Valve stem seal selection criteria for ultrasupercritcal service graphite packing without PTFE and binders is proven to be a low total cost of ownership option. Seals can also be protected by an oxygen inhibitor and be live loaded for protection against thermal cycling Valve stem seal selection criteria, Flow Control, Mar 2017 Locator power, valve, Company Larsen & Toubro, Publication Flow control, Key word seal, valve.

Larsen & Toubro Supply ESPs in India Jaiprakash Power Ventures Ltd. (JPVL) placed another large order with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) for the supply, erection and commissioning of the boiler-turbine generator package, critical piping, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and power plant automation for their 3x660-MW Power Plant being set up in Uttar Pradesh, India. The value of the contract is around Rs6500 crore. The power plant will be fully commissioned in 60 months, with the first unit scheduled to go into commercial production in 48 months. This power project, based on supercritical technology, will be located in the Karchana District, Uttar Pradesh.

L&T Valves Business Group to supply Valves for 4000 MW Mundra The Valves Business Group (VBG) of Larson & Toubro (L&T) has bagged a multi-million-dollar order from Coastal Gujarat Power Limited (CGPL) for supply of critical valves for an Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP) in Mundra, Gujarat, India. This 4,000 MW (5x800-MW) power project is one of the first Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPP) in India and the first order for VBG in the UMPP domain. L&T will supply the entire range of Gate, Globe and Check valves in pressure classes 150 to 3500 for the balance of plant at Mundra. The order, worth multi-million dollars, consists of 5775 valves including 770 motor operated valves. Many are for critical applications. According to Mr. S.P. Rajanish, Senior Deputy General Manager, L&T-VBG, “We are honored and excited on winning this prestigious order from CGPL and we will build a long-term relationship with Tata Power and CGPL by adding more value to their business.”

L&T Awarded Order Worth Rs.5,580 Crore from NTPC Larsen & Toubro (L&T) has secured a turnkey order from NTPC Limited for setting up a 2x660-MW greenfield Ultra-Supercritical thermal power plant in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh on an EPC basis. Valued at over Rs.5580 crore, the project entails design, engineering, manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of two coal-fired units of 660 MW each with ultra-supercritical parameters. This is being done for the first time in the country. The EPC project was won following international competitive bidding.

Largest Coal-Fired Plant in India Begins Construction At the beginning of 2002, the first foundation stone was laid at Sipat, the largest coal-fired plant currently under construction in India. Besides being the largest coal-fired project in the country, the plant will also be the first in India to use supercritical technology, reports PEi.The 1980-MW Sipat stage 1 thermal power project, in Sipat, Bilaspur district in Chhattisgarh state, is aimed at helping the government in its effort to increase new generating capacity. With the Ministry of Power awarding the plant "Mega Project" status, Sipat will become eligible for various tax breaks.

Doosan of Korea won the contract to supply the steam generators and auxiliaries. The plant will consist of Stage 1, three units of 660 MW each and Stage 2, two units of 500 MW each. The site has been prepared for five units, although three units will be installed at this stage. According to Doosan's studies, supercritical plants are 2-3 percent more expensive in terms of capital costs but by increasing steam pressure to 240 bar at 568°C, plant efficiency is increased about 1.8 percent. This translates into about 4 percent lower coal consumption. Doosan will design, manufacture and test the steam generators, which will be built at Doosan's factory in Changwon, South Korea. Local installation of the units will be carried out by an Indian construction company, Larsen & Toubro.

The boiler is designed to reduce dust to 200-300 g/m3. This will be further reduced to 40 mg/m3 through the use of electrostatic precipitators supplied by BHEL, India. Structural steel erection work was scheduled to begin in March 2005. Initial firing of the first unit is scheduled for May 2007, with commercial operation of Unit 1 planned for February 2008. This is a total of 46 months from the Notice of Award. The remaining units will come on line at six-month intervals, with the final unit entering commercial operation in February 2009.The plant will burn Indian bituminous coal from a site about 40 km away. The coal has medium sulfur content but high ash content (about 43 percent). According to Doosan, coal with such a high ash content is unique in India and can pose a challenge to boiler designers due to erosion and wear.

L&T Wins EPC Contract for Chhabra Power Plant in Rajasthan, India Larsen & Toubro Ltd. (L&T) has won a Rs5689 crore contract for setting up a 2 x 660 MW supercritical power plant in Rajasthan, India. The contract from Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. involves design, engineering, manufacture, supply, erection and commissioning of two coal-fired thermal units of 660 MW each with supercritical parameters at Chhabra in Baran district of Rajasthan. The project has a stringent completion schedule of 42 months for the first unit and 45 months for the second unit.

Rajpura Plant to Use 99.9 Percent Efficient ESPs. The upcoming 1320-MW super thermal plant (2x660 MW) at Rajpura, to be built at the cost of INR 7000 Crores by multinational company Larsen and Toubro, will use the latest supercritical technology. This will take the Punjab a step closer to becoming the first power surplus state in India. Work is already in full swing for the 540-MW plant at Goindwal Sahib and the 1980-MW thermal plant at Talwandi Sabo. Construction of the new Rajpura thermal plant began March 2. It will be the first plant in India to use supercritical technology, considered the most efficient system of generating power from coal. The plant will be equipped with ESPs of 99.9 percent efficiency to minimize pollution.

2X700-MW Supercritical Rajpura Power Plant Project Developed by Larsen & Toubro This project was developed under Case-2 of Tariff based Bidding 25 Years Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) signed in January 2010 with Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL). Fuel Supply Agreement (FSA) for 5.55 million TPA with South Eastern Coalfields Limited All major equipment manufactured indigenously

through technology tie-up or JV’s Tie-up with leading manufacturers- Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems (MHPS), Japan for Boiler Turbine Generator (BTG), Howden-Regenerative Air Pre-heater(RAPH) & Fans, Clyde Bergmann-ESP Advanced A-PM Burners NOx level compliant to New MOEFCC Guidelines, RO plant for effluent recycling • Reject used for bottom ash slurry preparation • Functional ash water recovery system http://knowledgeplatform.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Presentation_Best-Energy-Efficiency-Practices-in-Thermal-Utilities_KEP_08NOV2016_NPL.pdf locator power, precipitator, ro, DeNOx; company Larsen & Toubro, Punjab State Power, MHPS, Howden, Clyde Bergmann

2x700-MW Supercritical Rajpura Power Plant Project Developed by Larsen & Toubro This project was developed under Case-2 of Tariff based Bidding 25 Years Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) signed in January 2010 with Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL). Fuel Supply Agreement (FSA) for 5.55 million TPA with South Eastern Coalfields Limited All major equipment manufactured indigenously through technology tie-up or JV’s Tie-up with leading manufacturers- Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems (MHPS), Japan for Boiler Turbine Generator (BTG), Howden-Regenerative Air Pre-heater(RAPH) & Fans, Clyde Bergmann-ESP Advanced A-PM Burners NOx level compliant to New MOEFCC Guidelines, RO plant for effluent recycling • Reject used for bottom ash slurry preparation • Functional ash water recovery system.

Circulating Fluid Bed Scrubber Could Be the Best Choice for Many Indian Power Plants

Adage Automation will be an exhibitor next month at the SOx-NOx conference in India. ADAGE is a specialist Gas Analytical company, delivering integrated and engineered solutions to the Large & Mid-size Industries for Process Optimization, Safety & Continuous Emission Monitoring applications. It has a leadership position in Continuous Gas Analyzers & Laser Analytics Solutions in Indian Industries. Adage is also the largest exporter from India for integrated gas analytical solutions and services. In 2016, Adage was awarded and successfully executed the largest CEMS order on the planet from Reliance Industries for over 127 stacks.

Adage designs and manufactures a range of advanced process and stack gas emissions monitoring systems, which, coupled with advanced reporting systems, cost effectively fulfil the requirements of both operators and environmental agencies to provide continuous emission monitoring solutions.

The complete portfolio includes SOx/NOx/CO/CO2/O2/CH4/THC/NH3/HF/HCL and Dust/SPM/Flow/Pressure/Temperature/Moisture and SCADA DAS and all housed inside an Analyzer Shelter.

Recently, an agreement was signed making Adage the exclusive solution partner for the sale and service of Applied Analytics products in India.

Abhijit Chatterjee, Managing Director and CEO at Adage Automation, said, “Applied Analytics has built an excellent reference base of installations here in India while operating from the U.S. We are very pleased to add AAI’s field-trusted products to the portfolio of technologies that we provide for our customers in India as we expand our capabilities in the realm of process analytics and integration. Applied analytics measures ammonia and urea slip in SCR systems.”

Bids Close for DSI for 4 x 210 MW of DSI Systems at Punjab State Power Roopnagar In September 2019

The bid scope includes Design, Engineering, Manufacture, Shop Fabrication, Preassembly, Shop Testing/type Testing at Manufacturer’s Works, Packing, Transportation, Unloading, Handling and Conservation of Equipment at Site, Complete Services of Construction, including Erection, Supervision, Pre-commissioning, Commissioning and Performance Testing of Equipments Under Bidder’s Scope of Work of Dry Sorbent Injection (dsi) System using Sodium Bicarbonate as Reagent and its Associated Auxiliaries including all Associated Electrical, Control & Instrumentation, Civil, Structural and Architecture Works as detailed in Tender Specifications for Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) System Package At 4x 210 MW Units (stage- Ii & Iii) of Ggsstp, Roopnagar

Design, engineering, manufacture, shop fabrication, assembly, shop testing, type testing at manufacturer's works, inspection, packing, supply, loading, unloading, transportation, proper preservation at site, storage & handling at site, erection/ installation, construction, site testing and commissioning and performance testing of DSI-based Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) System for 100 percent of the flue gas flow rate for the 1x67.5 Unit No 1 of Jojobera Thermal power plant located at near Jamshedpur, East Singhbum District, Jharkhand State, India.

In order to limit the SO₂ emissions in the thermal power units, it is proposed to install Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system at Jojobera for Unit 1 for treating 100 percent of flue gas coming out of this unit. The outlet SO₂ emissions shall be limited to 600 mg/Nm³ as per latest standards stipulated by MoEF&CC under Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules 2015 for thermal power plants. Bidder to offer a Sodium Bicarbonate-based dry sorbent injection system (DSI).

Valmet will be an exhibitor at SOx-NOx India. It has a unique approach to recover heat. There is a lot of energy in flue gas due to the water (30–60 percent) contained in the fuel and steamed in the boiler. This energy escapes into the environment when the water is not condensed back into a liquid.

With Valmet’s advanced flue gas condensing technology, a plant can recover this energy and use it, for example,

Tomoki Kayukawa, Principal Research Engineer at JGC Corp., will be speaking at the SO_x-NO_x conference. JGC is moving into coal projects in the ASEAN region and has a dry scrubber and DeNOx system.

JGC‘s medium-term management plan, "Beyond the Horizon," announced in May of 2019, directly targets JGC‘s basic goal of expanding its business beyond projects in the oil and gas sector to other energy infrastructure, industrial infrastructure and social infrastructure projects. Under that plan, with this project, JGC is taking a large step into the field of power generation, and further, JGC anticipates that this project will contribute to the growth expected in the ASEAN region.

JGC Philippines Inc. was awarded a lump-sum turnkey basis contract for the Phase II construction work for a Coal-fired Power Plant Construction Project planned in the Sarangani Province, Mindanao, Philippines, by Sarangani Energy Corp. (Capital subscribers: Alsons Consolidated Resources, Inc. 75 percent, Toyota Tsusho Corporation 25 percent).

The contract covers the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning (EPCC) services for the Phase II construction work (105 MW x 1 train) for a coal-fired power plant with a capacity of 210 MW (105 MW x 2 trains). The project is scheduled for completion in April 2019.

The plant is located in the province of Sarangani, about 1100 km south of Manila, and the electric power generated is intended to serve the needs of the province, including its major city of General Santos, thereby increasing the potential for industrial growth in the province and contributing to an improved standard of living for the population. With a growing population and steady economic growth, the Philippines is facing an increasing demand for electric power, and this situation is of particular concern on the island of Mindanao, where the shortage of power has been especially severe.

Minimizing the environmental impact of this project is also a high priority. This has been addressed by the use of a circulating fluidized bed boiler that makes possible two-stage combustion at low temperatures, which inhibits the generation of atmospheric pollutants, such as Nitrogen Oxide (NO_x) and Sulfur Oxide (SO_x). This, combined with removal of the particulates contained in the off-gas, ensures that the effects of the operation of this plant on the environment are kept to a minimum.

JGC Philippines was established in 1989 and initially undertook detailed design work for JGC projects, but in recent years, it has applied its expertise gained through that experience to carry out EPC work independently for domestic projects within the Philippines. In this project, the combination of JGC Philippines‘ knowledge of local conditions and JGC‘s project management skills not only will lead to the successful completion of this project but will also open the door to further expansion of the JGC Group‘s activities in other areas, as well.

The JGC Dry De-SOx/De-NOx system removes SO_x, NO_x, and dust from flue gas. The Dry De-SOx/De-NOx system has been developed by integrating JGC group's De-NOx technology and Hokkaido Electric Power's dry De-SOx technology. A High efficiency SO_x/NO_x removal rate has been successfully demonstrated in a commercial plant for flue gas from coke oven gas combustion in China. There are now six units operating on coke oven gas.

This process is co-licensed by JGC and UOP and enables the removal of mercury from LPG, naphtha, and natural gas condensates to 1 ppb level without the need for hydrogen. Applications include mercury removal at wellheads, treatment for ethylene production, and catalytic reforming. This process could realize lower CAPEX and OPEX compared with conventional processes. The process consists of the following three processes: A, B, and C. An optimum process is chosen based on the client's conditions and requirements.

JGC solves NO_x problems contained in waste gas from thermal power stations (fuel, oil, coal and LNG), co-generation systems for industry, Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants, and Municipal Solid Waste Incineration plants. JGC developed a world-first Honeycomb-type DeNOx catalyst in the 1970s to remove NO_x from waste gas in the above applications. The catalyst has high performance and long life. JGC has granted a manufacturing license for Honeycomb-type catalyst to many countries all over the world.

Mississippi Lime Company, a global supplier of high-calcium lime products and a portfolio company of HBM Holdings, announced it has completed its acquisition of the Calera, Alabama lime business of Covia, operating historically as Southern Lime.

In operation for over 60 years, the business supplies high-calcium quicklime and hydrated lime products to customers in the Southeastern U.S., and across a range of end uses and applications. The acquisition increases Mississippi Lime's production facilities to nine locations, supported by a network of distribution sites throughout the country. The Southern Lime business and its Calera, AL facility will be fully integrated into Mississippi Lime.

Fortum, a Finnish clean energy company, signed its first commercial project with Hindalco Industries Limited, part of Aditya Birla Group. The project is aimed at NO_x reduction through combustion modification on one of the 150 MW boilers located at the Aluminum Smelter Unit in Mahan, Singrauli District in Madhya Pradesh. The modification will enable the power plant to comply with the tightening restrictions on nitrogen oxide emissions to 290 mg/Nm³ from current levels in the unit. The timeline for completion of this project is mid-February 2020.

Fortum has the patented technology for bringing about NO_x reduction up to the Statutory Limits by using only primary combustion modification on the boiler with minimal capital expenses and no operating expenses.

The key aspect of the NO_x reduction technology developed by Fortum in the early 1990s involves impacting the combustion process by modifying the over-firing of the combustion air. The solution is an efficient, and in terms of operating expenses, economical way to reduce emissions because significantly less nitrogen oxides is generated. The approximately 50 coal-fired boiler modification projects Fortum eNext has performed in the EU area since 1994 have reduced the boilers’ emissions into the air. These modifications have reduced NO_x emissions cumulatively by more than 700,000 tons.

BHEL Has 13 Orders for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System to Reduce NO_x

BHEL has a technology collaboration with South Korea’s NANO for SCR Catalysts in coal-fired power plants. An order for an SCR system was received in January for Mahagenco’s ongoing 660 MW coal-based supercritical thermal power project at Unit 6 of Bhusawal thermal power station, which is located at Jalgaon district in Maharashtra.

Amidst stiff competitive bidding, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has won an order for emission control equipment from Bhartiya Rail Bijlee Company Limited (BRBCL), a joint venture of NTPC Ltd. and Indian Railways.

Valued at about Rs 750 Crore, the order involves supply and installation of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system at 4x250 MW Nabinagar project of BRBCL in Aurangabad district of Bihar. BHEL’s scope of work includes design, engineering, civil works, supply, erection and commissioning of wet FGD system along with auxiliaries including limestone and gypsum handling system and wet stack on full EPC basis.

ECOMAK Supplies Precipitator Upgrades and the Venturi Option Could Be Combined With FGD

For the last two decades BU, has offered solutions to air pollution to a number of industries and for a variety of applications. The projects undertaken by ECOMAK are in Mines & Minerals, Metals and Power industries globally.

In Power, the company supplies flue gas cleaning systems for industrial boilers and material handling systems. A client in Karnataka had to retrofit their ESP, which was not performing satisfactorily. The client after seeing ECOMAK's expertise in project execution on Indian and overseas projects awarded the project to ECOMAK. ECOMAK took up yet another challenge of retrofitting the ESP in 30 days from receipt of purchase order to re-commissioning of retro-fitted ESP. The client had demanded a guaranteed emission of 100 mg/Nm³ (max). ECOMAK demonstrated an emission of less than 50 mg/Nm³ on continued basis.

A customer in Assam was facing a problem of air pollution at their plant. The company is one of the largest producers of Petcoke in India. The plant is situated in a remote location near a forest which was enriched with wildlife and natural resources on the banks of the Brahmaputra River. The customer is very serious when it comes to preservation of natural resources and asked ECOMAK to provide a viable solution for their problem.

Conventionally, a baghouse system or an electrostatic precipitator is provided at the kiln exhaust. The ECOMAK team first surveyed the area and found out that there was an abundance of water available. To take advantage of this situation, ECOMAK supplied a Venturi Scrubber instead of any conventional system. This system on petcoke calcination is a first of a kind system in India.

This experience could be helpful in evaluating the potential of rod decks (similar to venturis) to improve FGD scrubber particulate efficiency. A number of utilities are hoping that the scrubber installation will improve particulate capture. Mcilvaine has done extensive analysis of this option as explained elsewhere in Coal-Fired Boiler Decisions.

United Conveyor Corp (UCC) is installing the dry injection systems at the 4 x 250 MW Dadri plant of NTPC. Here are some of the past FGD newsletter articles about UCC.

United Conveyor Corp. (UCC) has completed over 25,000 hours of Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) demonstration tests. Full-scale, on-site DSI demonstrations help UCC utility customers address regulatory requirements for the reduction of SO₂, SO₃, mercury and acid gases.

UCC has the industry’s largest number of full-scale demonstration tests with 45 conducted to date; 12 tests have been completed over the last year with five more tests scheduled. Recent demonstration tests have been primarily focused on simultaneously removing SO₂, HCl and mercury to provide specific information to the power plant for meeting the new Utility MACT and Cross State Air Pollutant Rule (CSAPR) requirements. These tests have been conducted on a number of large PRB-fired units, as well as smaller bituminous-fired units.

UCC modular demonstration systems provide both flexibility and performance with minimal disruption to a power plant during installation and testing. Prefabricated, mobile equipment enables rapid installation. All equipment is scalable so demonstration equipment can be rented longer term after the test or be upgraded to become the permanent system. The result is lower total installed cost and shorter lead-time.

UCC offers Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) modeling of plant duct flows to best predict and enhance performance of the DSI system. CFD modeling ensures optimum sorbent distribution in the flue gas to maximize performance and minimize sorbent usage.

The UCC VIPER™ Mill design incorporates proprietary technology that results in lower operating costs while improving performance. The VIPER milling technology is also tested on-site to show how the reduced sorbent particle size increases the reactive surface area to improve the emission removal efficiency and sorbent utilization. UCC DSI demonstration illustrates clear benefits:

United Conveyor Corp. (UCC) was recently awarded contracts for 11 Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) systems which include a total of 41 VIPER™ Mills. Dry sorbent injection is a leading technology for the removal of SO₂, HCl and SO₃ acid gas emissions.

The patented VIPER Mill is the only mill developed specifically for dry sorbent injection and delivers the smallest particle size, highest throughput and greatest cost savings in the industry. The VIPER Mill reduces sorbent usage by 30-50 percent compared with as-delivered material. In an SO₂ removal application, that equates to a $3.0 million annual savings over un-milled trona for a typical 500-MW PRB-fired unit at a 60 percent SO₂ removal rate. In SO₃ removal applications, the high surface area sorbent particle size helps to achieve aggressive SO₃ ppm targets, while reducing trona usage by more than 50 percent.

UCC also has the industry’s largest number of full-scale demonstration tests with over 65 conducted to date; 26 of these tests used the VIPER Mill and successfully documented substantially lower sorbent usage. This test data allows customer lifecycle cost analysis to compare sorbent consumption and VIPER Mill usage with other milling technologies or without using a mill.

United Conveyor Corp (UCC) is installing the dry injection systems at the 4 x 250 MW Dadri plant of NTPC. Here are some of the past FGD newsletter articles about UCC.

Envea designs and produces a complete range of state of the art CEMS gas and dust analyzers, sampling systems, data acquisition systems and software for the continuous measurement & reporting of stack pollutants. The company performs conceptual studies to full engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning of turnkey systems for continuous emissions monitoring service.

Environnement SA India Pvt. Ltd. (a 100 percent Subsidiary) inaugurated on January 5, 2017 1a larger facility necessary to meet company growth and expanding capabilities. Group President Mr. Francois GOURDON presided over the function of Inauguration. With nearly 200 employees today, Environnement SA India’s strength lies in the realization of complex projects, the optimization of the economic resources, the ability to experience and adopt best techniques in compliance with safety and environmental policies.

The expansion helps Environnement SA India Pvt. Ltd meet existing customers requirements for increased production of turnkey air quality and emissions monitoring systems as well and will also enable the company to further support new customers.

At a recent conference, Jerome Laplagne presented an overview of the available gas CEMS technologies applicable to FGD and DeNOx efficiency control. Both extractive and in situ type gas CEM technologies were covered, including dilution based and TDL. It included some case studies for various abatement technologies, with some guidelines for proper gas CEMS selection.

Jerome has a background of technical Engineer in Applied Physics and Instrumentation. Since 2002, he was able to develop strong technical and sales skills in gas analysis instrumentation and also complete monitoring systems through its involvement in various departments of the Envea company such as project engineering, R&D and Sales. After several years taking care of Europe and Africa, Jerome is now the Area Manager of Envea for India covering both Ambient Air and Continuous Emission Monitoring business units.

Johnsen Chemicals AS was established in 2008 and has since been working on the development of a catalyst for solid fuel. The product has been tested on several markets with good results. The results show that the catalyst contributes to a reduction of harmful emissions while also making the combustion process more effective with a lower consumption of fuel.

Sootaway is a combustion catalyst for solid fuel. The active ingredient is a manganese complex. The catalyst works on all types of solid fuels.

The extensive range of products manufactured by EPP includes - GRP/GRE Pipes, Fittings & Liners, FRP Cooling towers/Scrubbers/Blowers/Hoods/Ducts & Chimneys, FRP Storage Tanks, various FRP Pultruded Products

Uniphos CEMS are available based on different technologies depending upon the suitability and user’s requirement:

An Online Dust Analyzer uses the innovative Dynamic Detection Principle (DDP), which measures fluctuations in the intensity of a light beam, using a folded beam Transceiver /Reflector arrangement. Increased particulate density in the stack causes the scattered light intensity to increase. When calibrated against reference standards, the intensity of this signal relates directly to the particulate concentration in the stack, and this can be used to display as a reading in mg/m³.

LeBracs Rubber Lining Private Ltd. commenced manufacturing activities in 1989 at Pondicherry, India. The factory is spread over four acres of land with a covered area of over 30,000 square feet. Over the years, the company has successfully executed many projects with customers in the Fertilizer / Chlor-Alkali / Water Treatment and Iron Ore benefaction industries in India and overseas. LeBracs Rubber has, over the years, been certified under ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 18001:2007 demonstrating the management’s commitment to quality of product and concern for the environment and safety. LeBracs Rubber has different formulas for various types of rubber lining, for its various applications.

Wael Abdalla, Carmeuse Majan’s General Manager, presented an ambitious picture.

The lime is ideal for a large variety of high demanding applications such as steel, paper, water and wastewater, agri-food, construction, flue gas cleaning, chemical industry and others. The majority of the production is exported to India.

As an effective control strategy for all acid gas pollutants, Sorbacal^® SPS can be used in the following applications:

Lhoist Dec 2018 statement “As we head into 2019, we are faced with significant cost increases from the markets that supply critical inputs to our plants. In particular, we are facing:

Energy – Coal (up 15 percent), Oil (up 30 percent), Natural Gas (up 6 percent)

The unprecedented headwinds facing the transportation industry, including regulatory pressures and a severe shortage of drivers that affects the cost of virtually everything we purchase as well as the products we ship via barge, rail and truck.

As a result, we will adjust prices for lime, limestone, and clay products by up to 11 percent in most cases effective January 1, 2019 or as contracts allow so that we can continue to be a reliable supplier into the future.

While we continue to make a favorable impact with our Continuous Improvement focus, we are only able to partially offset the cost pressures we are facing. As a result, we must increase prices in order to be able to remain a sustainable supplier to our customers in the long term”

Lhoist Group is a global leader in lime, dolime and derived products, established over 125 years ago in Belgium. The Lhoist Group is present in 25 countries with more than 90 facilities around the globe. Lhoist offers local solutions to Asia, by its regional headquarter in Kuala Lumpur, and production facilities in Malaysia.

Twenty-seven percent of Lhoist $2.4 billion revenue is environmental. Only 2 percent of revenue is in Asia. Fifty-three percent is in Europe and 38 percent in North America.

Leveraging DSUA Expertise to Assist Indian Utilities Participating in SOx-NOx Conference

A webinar with participants from Europe, China, the U.S. and India not only covered two upcoming conferences but how the knowledge available at one can be used by the other. A two-hour recorded webinar provides a preview for the upcoming September`9-12 DSUA Conference in Kansas City

Gerald Hunt, DSUA President, was the lead speaker today. He provided a DSUA conference preview. He said more than 100 people have registered and more are expected. As can be seen from the agenda below there is lots of time for discussions and personal contact. He also mentioned the archives and the ability for those who cannot attend in person to pay for access.

Gerald Hunt, Manager, Flue Gas Treatment Applications at Lhoist North America, Inc

Even for those who are attending the conference, the ability to ask questions of and analyze the presentations of the speakers is enhanced by the knowledge from previous conferences. An important paper on maximizing SDA performance was given by John Kersch of NAES in 2003. For the conference today he submitted this paper with the following comments

“Reducing lime usage has been a big money saver for the plants. That has been accomplished by a combination of operating on approach temperature control using dew point measurement and better automation of the system, so we don't over scrub. Sharing this information with other plants in the same boat is the real value of the Dry Scrubber Conference. You benefit from somebody else's testing or trial and error to solve common problems. The attached PowerPoint is probably one of the better ones that highlights a project we did with Primex.”

We also displayed the 2018 DSUA predictive diagnostics for atomizer paper by Ken Rogers of Omega Atomizers as an example of how data in DSUA archives can be valuable for new initiatives. Ken Rogers DSUA 2018 paper on Atomizer diagnostics.

o Keynote Talk by Donnie Duffee (American Electric Power Welsh Station Plant Manager)

o Breaks and meals sponsored by Mississippi Lime Company, National Filter Media, Omega Atomizers, Primex Process Specialists

o Evening networking event at Top Golf (sponsored by Evonik, Industrial Accessories Company, Integrated Global Services, Lhoist)

§ Kansas City Board of Public Utilities Nearman Creek Station – Circulating Dry Scrubber

S.D. Dalvi is President of Partnerships at Mission Energy and an organizer of the SOx - NOx conference. The organization plays a leading role in clean energy as explained on their website http://missionenergy.org. We asked Mr. Dalvi the following questions.

Q. With your background in International Law and lengthy experience with strategic partnerships and alliances how do you assess the potential for Indian air pollution system and equipment suppliers to partner with international companies?

A. Environment Law is long in India. Legal Compliance norms in India follows the maxim "Polluter Pays Principal" Emission Standards are governed by CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) (State Pollution Control Board) & CEA Central Electricity Authority.

The Regulator Tone at the top is clear "If you feel compliance is expensive, try noncompliance." so the right panic buttons at non adhering powering plants have been pressed & hence the need for technologies in FGD, SCR, SCNR is a business & legal imperative.

Yes, there are growing partnerships with Indian air pollution system & pollution control suppliers to partner with Indian & international companies to assess this need given the Extended Deadline to Year 2022.

The challenge however lies in policies for DeNOx regulations as norms may get diluted for certain PSU plants as per a speculation resulting in delayed orders for vendors.

A. Not exactly we can only suggest changes to the Government regulators by making some noise as a "Collective Voice of the Industry."

We assure you we are seriously heard as the mission and our team headed by our Director General Shri Ashwinkumar Khatri has been dedicated. The mission was formed more than a decade ago under the 'Aegis' & blessings of the Late President of India Dr. Apj Abdul Kalam also a renowned scientist on issues like gasification, coal gasification, waste to energy, fly ash utilization and environmental norms like water optimization and SO_x and NO_x under air pollution control from plants.

Q. How will SO_x NO_x 2019 benefit international suppliers who want to partner with Indian companies?

A. Essentially SO_x NO_x 2019 is not a typical matter of fact buyer seller meet but a policy conference supported by the varied ministries government of India. This is a senior decision makers conference where delegates will benchmark success stories, failure stories (things to avoid), best practices and case studies. They shall discuss the pain areas right from selecting the right partner & alliance pain areas which needs to be ironed out.

It’s a Conference of senior decision makers and not going to be attended by junior procurement influencers but by heads of businesses from PVT & PSU Plants to enhance bottom-line. It’s an opportunity for International suppliers to discuss synergies with an audience who have the ability and appetite to invest.

Q. SO_x NO_x 2019 attendance has been growing steadily each year. What is your expectation for the quantity and quality of information exchange this year?

A. SO_x NO_x 2019 participants this year are in attendance mainly for questioning the regulators, seeking clarifications and selecting right technologies.

Challenges: while PSU plants may have low participation waiting for plants to die a natural death and have new plants with new FGD with the given extension deadline to 2022. There is scope for enormous business for solution providers and their Indian partners.

China Challenge: There are certain reservations and frustrations among solution providers from China related to India’s policy guidelines which may affect vendor participation from China who were represented last year.

I am supremely confident the content on this year’s presentations in continuation from last year will focus on the way forward for SO_x NO_x in India and SE Asia.

Q. Can you cite some specific examples of value which will be provided this year?

(4) One on One meetings for Top Sponsors at their exhibits with key participants during the day and networking cocktails at the end of day one.

(5) Post Conference report submitted to the Varied Ministries as a collective voice of the Industry.

Insights on the Indian market were presented by Ravi Krishnan of Krishnan Associates. McIlvaine is reporting programs for 100,000 MW of wet limestone scrubbers, which are well underway and 60,000 MW of dry scrubbers for smaller and older plants which is just being initiated.

Ravi supplied slightly different forecasts. But when you add in the 300-400 private power plants which will probably have to install FGD, and coastal units which will use the seawater process the numbers are similar.

Ravi has already submitted a detailed analysis prepared by Sumitomo SHI FW which shows that circulating fluid bed scrubbers have a lower total cost of ownership than wet scrubbers for many Indian applications. His estimates of wet scrubber forecasts of $65/kW and dry scrubbers at $45/kW can be compared to the estimates by Clayton Erikson, which were presented at SO_x-NO_x last year and have been included recently in the Alert and FGD newsletter. We would hope to arrange a webinar next week to discuss wet and dry scrubber options.

Dr. Jianchun Wang (Joe) of Longking discussed the application of dry scrubbers in Chinese plants. Longking is the largest supplier of dry scrubbers worldwide. It has systems on steel sinter strands, coal-fired boilers and other applications. Longking has also developed byproducts from dry scrubber waste. A discussion including Joe, Paul Brandt of Burns & McDonnell and others focused on the ability for dry scrubbers to operate cost effectively on high flyash coals such as found in India. Paul used the example of Luminant, which has a high dust SCR and CDS scrubber working effectively on a large lignite boiler.

Joe referenced the Longking successful experience with high ash coals in China. He also made the point that the because of the contribution from the reagent whether it is high ash or low ash coal the total solids reaching the fabric filter does not change much.

Scott Affelt of XMPLR introduced the use of predictive analytics to monitor for reliability and performance of air pollution control equipment. Predictive analytics can be used to provide a holistic view of the APC train and identify early performance shortfalls and/or equipment/component failures. Advanced analytics tools can also be used to provide automated diagnostics and prognostics.

We are initiating analyses in Coal Fired Power Plant Decisions, FGD, Fabric Filter, and Scrubber Adsorber Knowledge Network (WTE, Steel etc.) on subjects of high interest, which are relevant to the two conferences. There are two questions to be investigated. (1) Is the technology available in both countries? (2) Which is the best technology for each country?

Instrumentation and CEMS: Envea is at both conferences. Emerson, ABB, Horiba and others are active in both markets. This includes process management software and data analytics such as presented by XMPLR in the webinar.

Fabric filters and bags: Hamon, FLSmidth, BWF, Evonik, Parker, GE and others are active in both markets and participating in one or both the conferences.

Valves: Fujikin is a DSUA sponsor. We will gather information on their successes with slurry control valves for atomizers. Crane, Velan, and L&T are part of the Indian Valve Manufacturers Association. They can provide input individually and as an association.

Chemicals including lime, limestone, treatment chemicals: Carmeuse. Lhoist, and other calcium product producers are involved in both conferences. The discussion in the webinar referenced the lack of high-quality lime and limestone for Indian power plants.

We expect to make progress with these analyses prior to the two conferences and will make them available to all the attendees.

Process management, instrumentation and CEMS provides a way for Indian utilities to instantaneously create the world’s most knowledgeable air pollution control management staff. Data analytics is just part of the process. As Scott Affelt of XMPLR pointed out, data analytics can contribute the following:

These analytics can be utilized on the sub-systems, but the greatest value is the holistic use.

Subject matter expertise is incorporated into the analytics software based on input from subject matter experts (SME). So, this eliminates repetitive work for the SME. However, it cannot eliminate the need for creative thinking and high-level analysis. So new subject matter expertise must be integrated into ever changing data analytics software.

Primex has demonstrated the value in applying dry scrubber subject matter expertise at NAES plants operating with process management software from OSI. Primex is also pursuing the use of automated data analytics.

There are experts such as John Kersch of NAES and Ken Rogers of Omega who can assist Indian utilities from 7835 miles away in Newark. What is needed is the Industrial Internet of Wisdom (IIoT) to be pursued with the same level of effort as IIoT. One of the aspects of this pursuit is to determine how the Indian challenge is different than the one in the U.S. If this difference is understood and incorporated, the contribution of U.S. SMEs will be very valuable.

Fiber	Type	Max Continuous Temperature	Chemical Resistance	Abrasion Resistance
PPS	Felted	375	Excellent	Excellent
PTFE	Woven	450	Excellent	Fair
Fiberglass	Woven	450	Good	Fair
P84	Felted	500	Very Good	Excellent

Indian Company	Wet Technology	Licensor	Unit Orders in India	Dry Technology	Licensor
Andritz	Wet limestone FGD plus	Andritz		CDS, CFB	Andritz
BHEL	Wet limestone Double Cont-	MHPS	50 +
BHEL	Wet limestone spray	Ducon	3
Doosan	Wet limestone spray	Doosan-Lentjes	4 +	CDS	Doosan-Lentjes
GE	Wet limestone spray	GE	15 +	CDS	GE
GE	Seawater	GE	8 +
Hamon	Wet limestone spray	Hamon
Indure	Wet limestone seawater	Steinmuller Babcock		CDS, SDA, DSI	RAFAKO
JGC				CDS	JGC
ISGEC	Wet limestone Spray (rod)	Babcock Power	3	CFB	SHI-FW
Larsen & Toubro	Wet limestone pool scrubber	Chiyoda
Rieco	Wet limestone Venturi/abs	Rieco
Thermax	Wet limestone Spray	MET	2
UCC				DSI	DSI