January 2015 - Industrial Valve Insights 43

In 2014, Industrial valve sales were less than $57 billion. By 2020, revenues will rise to between $65 - $75 billion, according to the latest forecast from the McIlvaine Company in Industrial Valves: World Market. (www.mcilvainecompany.com)

Inability to precisely predict revenues is due not only to the obvious factors such as general economic and population growth, but to variables in the process options. Valve investments vary from option to option. Using power generation as an example - if coal is considered as the basis for valve purchases, nuclear purchases of valves will be higher and gas turbines lower.

Efforts by environmentalists to reduce reliance on coal are falling on deaf ears in Asia. The cost and safety concerns about nuclear power are under scrutiny. Gas turbine revenues are going to rise at a faster rate than other options but from a relatively small base. It would take large double-digit gains to offset the valve purchases for other options.

The biggest variable presently affecting valve revenues is the choice of oil and gas extraction method. There are large differences in valve revenues depending on the choice.

The price of oil has been cut in half from highs in 2014 of over $100/barrel. An increase in conventional production at the expense of subsea and other unconventional options would result in smaller valve revenues.

Valve sales for oil and gas will be negatively impacted by the lower prices. The question is: What is the magnitude and duration? Oil prices have always cycled. When prices fall, the highest cost producers cease activity. Ultimately, this creates shortages and prices rise.

Producers who will drop out in the short-term are operating on the following realities:

Exploration has been estimated to be around $30/bbl for a new source. So at $50/barrel, the exploration is going to drop substantially. However, exploration accounts for a relatively small percentage of the total valve revenues. Development includes drilling new wells in areas which have already been explored. So at $50/barrel, there will be justification for this investment. The cost of operating existing wells is small. Thus this production is unaffected.

The decline rate is the key factor in the rebound of prices and valve revenues. Averages of 10-15%/yr. have been cited for the industry. If no new wells were drilled, the flow would drop by 20 or 30% within just two years. The decline rate for shale sources in the U.S. is being debated. The ability of conventional suppliers in the Middle East to raise production from existing wells is also in question.

It is likely that demand will continue to rise. The lower oil prices and booming economies in Asia and the U.S. will contribute to that rise. So imbalances in supply/demand and potential shortages will lead to the next round of oil price increases and investment in unconventional sources.

Valve revenues will also be impacted by technology developments. The cost of direct coal-to-liquids could be as low as $40/barrel. If so, China would dominate the world energy picture. There are continuing developments in the extraction of oil and gas from shale. The cost of unconventional extraction rises as old wells need enhanced recovery, artificial lifts and other investments. As the cost of unconventional extraction is reduced, the margin between the two is narrowed. The result is less ability to manipulate prices by conventional producers.

Valve performance improvements are another factor which would positively impact valve revenues. There are lots of problems with subsea valves. Operators will be willing to pay more for valves which are more reliable under the most extreme conditions.

Other industries purchasing valves will be positively impacted by lower oil prices. So in the longer term, a decline in oil and gas valve revenues will be offset by gains in the chemical, steel, mining and other industries. The picture changes continually. McIlvaine revises its long-term forecasts at least once every quarter and more often if events so dictate.

Fluitek Valves Wins Contract for Order in Abu Dhabi for Carbon Dioxide Injection

Argentina to Receive First-of-its-Kind $10 Million Seawater RO Desalination Plant

Analysis of Reverse Draw and Feed Solute Fluxes in Forward Osmosis Membrane Process

Case Study: Cross-Flow Microsand Filtration Boosts Energy Efficiency, Savings for Canada Deep Water Cooling System

Improving Paper Mill Feed Water: Pretreatment Filtration Optimization for Reverse Osmosis

Many projects are detailed in monthly updates under Industry Analysis in the Report’s Chapters.

OIL & GAS
OTHER ELECTRONICS
PHARMACEUTICAL / BIOTECH
PULP & PAPER
REFINERIES
SEMICONDUCTOR

Cheap gasoline. More jobs. Rising confidence. Everything’s coming up roses for U.S. consumers, whose spending fueled the strongest growth since 2003. The gross domestic product grew at an annual rate of 5.0% in the July-September quarter, according to the third estimate of growth, released recently by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.

The GDP report and other economic data led economists to raise their estimates for the end of 2014 and 2015. “The clear strengthening in activity towards the end of 2014 may prompt some Fed officials to consider whether they need to raise rates before the middle of 2015,” Paul Dales, a senior U.S. economist for Capital Economics, wrote in a client note. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

In a bid to regain investors’ trust, the Brazilian government revised down its forecast of GDP growth for 2015 from 2 to 0.8%, a figure that is more in line with market analysts’ forecasts.

According to the bill that the Brazilian government sent to Congress, economic growth will pick up only in 2016, when GDP is expected to grow 2% and then 2.3% in 2017 .……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

Alfonso Morre has spent nine years studying mechanics and civil engineering in order to become — a Havana taxi driver. Following President Barack Obama’s decision to ease the embargo on Cuba, he is hoping for something better.

Driving a 26-year-old Russian-made Lada through the cobbled streets of Cuba’s capital, Morre says he needs his engineering degree just to keep the car on the road. That may be about to change. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

In the third quarter of 2014, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Brunei Darussalam at current prices was estimated at BND$4,428.7 million compared to BND$4,944 million in the second quarter. In terms of GDP growth at constant prices, the third quarter recorded a decline of 0.2% year-on-year, Borneo Bulletin reported.

In the third quarter of 2014, the Agriculture, Forestry & Fishery sector increased by 4.3% year-on-year due to the increase in the production. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

Even as a slew of indicators reveal the weak state of China’s economy, officials are poised to revise the official size of Chinese gross domestic product, probably upward, making it as much as 10% larger than previously thought.

Beijing will reveal the findings from the country’s roughly twice-a-decade economic census, for which almost 3 million census takers canvassed more than 10 million companies and 60 million individual-owned private enterprises earlier this year.

The two previous censuses saw GDP amended upward by 4.4% in 2008 and 16.8% in 2004, as they more accurately measured China’s fast-growing services sector. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

The city-state’s economy expanded less than economists’ estimated last quarter after its manufacturing industry weakened with slowing growth in China and an uneven global recovery.

Gross domestic product rose an annualized 1.6% in the three months to Dec 31 from the previous quarter, when it expanded 3.1%, the trade ministry said in a statement. The median of five estimates in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 3% expansion.

Singapore's productivity growth has been weak, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said on Dec 31, and the trade ministry has said the economic outlook for 2015 is "modest" with a tight labor market restraining some industries. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

The domestic front remained anemic. Private consumption grew 0.7% from a year ago versus the 0.3% in October, but one would not call 0.7% growth a major improvement.

Economists had pinned hope on external demand, particularly in the form of tourism, since Thailand is now back to normal after the military coup in May. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

According to the General Statistics Office (GSO), Vietnam’s total domestic product (GDP) in 2014 was estimated to increase 5.98% - the highest since 2011.

This is also the first time after three years that the country’s GDP exceeded the yearly target set by the National Assembly (5.8% for 2014). In particular, GDP growth improved each quarter, with an increase of 5.06% in the first quarter; 5.34% in the second quarter; 6.07% in the third quarter and 6.96% in the fourth quarter. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

A new Macroeconomic Outlook report from Intesa Sanpaolo argues that oil prices below $60 a barrel will add up to 0.4% economic growth to oil importing Euro area nations. Intesa Sanpaolo analyst Luca Mazzomo also points out that there are likely to be positive secondary effects that ripple through oil importing economies for some time even if prices begin to move back up in a few months.

Oil prices began trending down over the summer, but the sell-off intensified into a frenzy in the fourth quarter. Compared to the firm’s September scenario when prices were forecast to remain roughly stable at prices close to those in mid-2014, the drop in crude prices to date ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

Israel’s economy expanded faster than previously estimated in 2014 on accelerated consumer spending, the Central Bureau of Statistics said, revising an earlier forecast.

Gross domestic product increased 2.6% from 2013, the bureau said at a Jerusalem press conference, based on partial data for the year. The figure compares with the bureau’s previous 2.2% estimate.

Growth was crimped in part by 50 days of fighting with the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip in July and August. The economy contracted 0.1% in the third quarter, the bureau said, revising an earlier estimated contraction of 0.4% .……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

Russia’s economy contracted last month for the first time in five years amid the sharp fall in oil prices and the collapse of the ruble.

Gross domestic product shrank by 0.5% in November compared to the same month last year, the economy ministry said, as Russia’s currency resumed its slide, which had been halted with a series of robust government support measures over the previous 10 days. ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

The UAE has turned into a major economic power in the region over the past 10 years, with its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growing from Dh314.8 billion in 2004 to Dh1.54 trillion in 2014, according to a report on the online portal, HotelandRest.

The report showed that the UAE has witnessed a transition from an oil-based economy to a more diverse one with multiple sources of income. In the past 10 years, non-oil sectors contributed 69% of the total GDP, dropping the contribution of the oil sector to almost one third.

The economic growth taking place in the 10 years since the beginning of President His Highness Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan’s presidency is expected to continue. According to a forecast by the International Monetary Fund, the country’s GDP will rise in 2018 ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

The United Kingdom has overtaken France to become the fifth largest economy in the world after the money made from prostitution and drugs was counted in the GDP figure for the first time.

Britain's economy is expected to be worth a total £1.86trillion in 2014 - up from £1.63trillion the previous year - compared to £1.82trillion in France, new calculations reveal.

Government figures show that prostitution added about £4.3billion to the economy while illegal drugs provided a roughly £6.7billion boost.

The darker corners of the economy are now being counted - alongside traditional sectors such as farming and financial services ……….The remaining text is not included in this sample.

A complete analysis of GDP and monthly updates for individual countries are included as part of Industrial Valves: World Market.

Oil and Gas Project Tracking is available at a discount to Industrial Valves: World Market subscribers.

Treatment chemicals are an important addition to most oil and gas processes. Access to details on worldwide oil and gas projects is provided at a substantial discount to Industrial Valves: World Market subscribers.

5th and final installment: Exclusive Platts Series on China’s Shandong “Teapot” Oil Refineries

Cheniere to Issue $1.0 Bln Convertible PIK Notes for Corpus Christi Liquefaction Project

Bechtel Begins Construction on Expanded Tilbury LNG Facility in BCRevision Date: 12/26/2014

NextDecade Announces York Capital Investment and Formation of Strategic Partnership to Develop LNG Export Projects

Bestobell Marine Wins Contract with Hudong Zhongua Shipyard to Supply Cryogenic Globe and Check Valves

New Saudi-Sinopec Oil Refinery to Delay Exports to 2015 (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Phillips 66 Files for Permit to Build Condensate Splitter at Sweeny, TX Refinery (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Mexico's Pemex to Boost Fuel Output with Upgrade at Tula Refinery (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Indonesia to Sign Sales, Refinery Agreements with CNOOC, Saudi Aramco (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Chile Bio Bio Oil Refinery to Get Maintenance Work in March (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Petrobras Starts Furnaces at RNEST Refinery Distillation Unit (Agreement Dated: 12/18/2014)

Fuel Leak Discovered at Mobil’s Altona Refinery in Australia (Article Dated: 12/18/2014)

Japan Refiners Headed Towards Consolidation after 2017 (Article Dated: 12/17/2014)

ING Says EU Refining Industry Needs to Shrink by 40 Percent (Article Dated: 12/17/2014)

Pristec AG Signs Agreement with China’s CNPC for Use of "Cold Cracking Technology" (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Technip Awarded Contract for New Bahrain Refinery Units (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Honeywell to Boost Refinery Operations at Turkey’s Tupras Refineries (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Sinopec Starts 16-mln-bbl Crude Storage Base in China’s Hainan Province (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Vietnam Breaks Ground on Third Oil Refinery Project, to Cost $3.2 Bln (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Alon Partners to Acquire Krotz Springs Refinery from Alon Energy (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

INEOS Invests $1 Bln in UK Shale for Refining, Petrochemical Feedstocks (Article Dated: 12/16/2014)

Dangote Says Nigeria Lagos Refinery to Start by Mid-2018 (Article Dated: 12/15/2014)

Ergon Plans $150 Mln Expansion at its Mississippi-Based Specialty Oil Refinery (Article Dated: 12/15/2014)

Foster Wheeler Awarded EPC Contract for ExxonMobil’s Antwerp Refinery Upgrade (Article Dated: 12/15/2014)

GTC Technology Signs Agreement to Provide its BTX Technology in China (Article Dated: 12/15/2014)

Nigerian Refineries Continue to Operate under Installed Capacity (Article Dated: 12/15/2014)

Multiple Refineries Are in Development Stages throughout The Bakken Formation (Article Dated: 12/12/2014)

Bay Area Refineries Embark on Projects to Transform Business Practices (Article Dated: 12/12/2014)

Neste Oil Plans to Invest €500 Mln to Integrate Two Finnish Refineries Operations (Article Dated: 12/12/2014)

Neste Jacobs to Build Production Units at Neste Oil Refineries in Finland (Article Dated: 12/11/2014)

Bahrain $100 Mln Hydrocracking Unit Contract Goes to CB&I (Article Dated: 12/11/2014)

Kuwait Petroleum International Cancels Refinery Investment, Considers Sale (Article Dated: 12/11/2014)

South Korea's SK Lubricants Starts Operations at Spanish JV with Repsol (Article Dated: 12/11/2014)

European Refiners Seek Sacrificial Cuts in Fight to Survive (Article Dated: 12/10/2014)

European Refiners Get Rare Boost from Late-year U.S. Demand (Article Dated: 12/10/2014)

Venezuela to Do Maintenance on Petrocendo Heavy Crude Upgrader (Article Dated: 12/10/2014)

EPA Says GHG Emissions from Refineries Up 1.6 Percent in 2013 (Article Dated: 12/10/2014)

First Alaskan Crude in a Decade Heads to S.Korea As Shale Pressures Build (Article Dated: 12/9/2014)

Saras to Buy Eni's Processing Units near Sarroch Refinery (Article Dated: 12/9/2014)

CB&I to Supply Ethylene Heaters for Petronas' RAPID Project (Article Dated: 12/9/2014)

Air Quality Systems Contract Let for Vietnam’s Nghi Son Refining Complex (Article Dated: 12/9/2014)

Saipem Wins $750 Mln EPCI Contract from Pemex for the Lakach Field in GOM (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

U.S. to Continue Probe of Pipe Imports from South Korea, Turkey (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

Saipem Wins $750 Mln EPCI Contract from Pemex for the Lakach Field in GOM (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

U.S. EPA Seeks More Input on Sweeping Power Plant Rule (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

Polish Industrial Users Cut Back on Gas Supplied Direct from Russia (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

Saudi Aramco Gives Pipeline Contract to China's SEPCO (Agreement Dated: 12/5/2014)

Pembina Pipeline to Build $105 Mln Gas Processing Plant at Musreau (Article Dated: 12/5/2014)

Consider Coal Gasification for Liquid Fuels Production (Article Dated: 12/4/2014)

Fluor and Technip Awarded RAPID Refinery Facilities Project in Malaysia (Article Dated: 12/4/2014)

Wood Group Mustang Selected to Provide Engineering Services for Statoil Snorre C Platform (Article Dated: 12/4/2014)

Sasol Awards Foster Wheeler EPCm Contract for Temane Gas Processing Facility in Mozambique (Article Dated: 12/4/2014)

Pembina Pipeline Corporation Provides Project Updates (Article Dated: 12/4/2014)

Southwestern Energy Announces Acquisition of Southwest Marcellus And Utica Assets (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

Crestwood Midstream Announces Successful Non-Binding Open Season for MARC II Pipeline (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

ARM Midstream to Build New Crude Oil Gathering System in Bakken/Three Forks Shale Play (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

PennTex to Process 200 MMSCFD of Natural Gas at Louisiana Facility (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

FMC Technologies Awarded Subsea Systems Contract for Total's Edradour and Glenlivet Fields (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

McDermott Awarded Second Contract for PETRONAS Bukit Tua Development in Indonesia (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

Oman’s Gulf Energy Signs Commercial Order for OriginOil CLEAN-FRAC™ System (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

OneSubsea Awarded Contract for More than $270 Mln for Pemex Lakach Deepwater Development (Article Dated: 12/3/2014)

CB&I Announces Technology Award over $100 Mln in Bahrain (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

FMC Technologies Awarded Frame Agreement to Supply Subsea Production Systems (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

CB&I Announces Gasification Technology Award in China (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

Alfa Laval Wins SEK 290 Mln Order for OLMI Air Cooled Heat Exchangers (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

UK’s IGas to Start Drilling at Ellesmere Port Exploration Site in November (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

ATCO Secures $50 Mln Contract to Build Natural Gas Pipeline in Mexico (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

Enhanced Oil Recovery Being Applied To Tight Oil Reservoirs in The Bakken (Article Dated: 12/2/2014)

DEP Fines Range Resources $4.15 Mln for Violating Environmental Regulations (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

EPA Finalizes Greenhouse Gas Permit for $1 Bln Gas-to-Gasoline Plant (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

Meritage Midstream Brings Online 50 Buttes Natural Gas Plant in WY (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

Chevron Announces $1.5 Bln Sale and JV Partnership with KUFPEC for Duvernay Shale Assets in Canada (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

GE Oil & Gas Selects Jacksonville, FL for Advanced Manufacturing Facility (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

EPA Finalizes Greenhouse Gas Permit for $500 Mln CCI Petroleum Facilities, Processing Plant and Export Terminal (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

Alfa Laval Wins Offshore Canada SEK 120 Mln Pumping Systems Order (Article Dated: 12/1/2014)

These sales leads are part of Oil, Gas, Shale and Refining Markets and Projects, and are issued bi-weekly. As a subscriber to Industrial Valves World Markets you receive a 30 percent discount for this service.

This includes only projects where there was an update during the month. There are thousands of projects in the database.

New power generation projects are tracked in two publications. Fossil and Nuclear Power Generation includes both market forecasts and project data. World Power Generation Projects has just the project data.

Fuel	Total Size (MW)
Coal	66855
Gas	1486
Nuclear	22020

Fuel	Project Name	Total Size (MW)
Coal	African Energy Resources/ACWA Power greenfield power project, Botswana	300
Coal	Amravathi power plant-India Bulls, India	1350
Coal	Angul II captive power plant-Jindal Steel and Power, India	1320
Coal	Arandis power project-NamPower, Namibia	300
Coal	Banjarsari-PT Tambang Batubara Bukit Asam power plant, Indonesia	1800
Coal	Bhadrawati power plant-Maharashtra Industrial Dev., India	1320
Coal	Bhalki power plant-Jas Infrastructure (Abhijeet), India	660
Coal	Bhavnagar Energy Co. CFB power plant, India	500
Coal	Bulacan power project-SMC Global Power Holdings, Philippines	600
Coal	Calaca CFB expansion-Trans-Asia Oil and Energy Dev./AC Holdings, Philippines	300
Coal	Chandgana power plant-Prophecy Resource Corp., Mongolia	600
Coal	Chhattisgarh (Lara) 1,2 ultramega power project-NTPC, India	1600
Coal	Cochrane power plant-AES Gener, Chile	472
Coal	Dongbu Green Power Plant 1,2 ultrasupercritical, South Korea	1200
Coal	Gadani Power Plant-AES Pakistan, Pakistan	1320
Coal	Galati power project-Termoelectrica, Romania	900
Coal	Ganga Power & Natural Resources power plant, India	1320
Coal	Gidhasimer power plant-Jas Infrastructure, India	660
Coal	Hwange expansion (7,8)-Zimbabwe Power Co., Zimbabwe	600
Coal	Jagdishpur power plant-AES India, India	1320
Coal	Jambi power plant-PLN, Indonesia	800
Coal	Jamshoro supercritical -Water and Power Development Authority, Pakistan	1200
Coal	Jerada power plant-ONEE, Morocco	318
Coal	Kajara power plant-Lakhisarai Bijlee Co., India	1320
Coal	Kakatiya Stage II- AP Genco, India	600
Coal	Kawai power plant-Adani Power, India	1320
Coal	Kudgi supercritical power plant-NTPC, India	800
Coal	Ledvice supercritical power plant-CEZ, Czech Republic	660
Coal	Leyte CFB power plant-SMC Global Power Holdings, Philippines	150
Coal	Lublin-Polska Grupa Energetyczna/GDF Suez, Poland	800
Coal	Mahan aluminum power plant-Essar, India	1200
Coal	Mauda (Mouda) II supercritical power plant-NTPC, India	660
Coal	Morupule B CFB expansion--Botswana Power Corp., Botswana	300
Coal	Mundra possible addition-Tata Power, India	1600
Coal	Nariyara power project (Akaltara)-KSK Mahanadi Power, India	3600
Coal	Nigrie supercritical project-Jaiprakash Power Ventures, India	1320
Coal	Nipa (Iloilo) CFB power plant-AC Energy Holdings/A Brown/Palm Concepcion, Philippines	270
Coal	P.T. Cikarang Listrindo (Babelan) power plant, Indonesia	270
Coal	Panay power plant-SMC Global Power, Philippines	150
Coal	Phividec Industrial Estate CFB power plant-Filinvest Development Corp., Philippines	405
Coal	Pirpainti power project-Bihar Power Infrastructure Co., India	1320
Coal	Prabhawati Nagar power plant-M/S Ericsson Power, India	1320
Coal	Quang Trach 1 power plant-Vietnam Oil and Gas, Vietnam	1200
Coal	Raigarh power plant-Visa Power, India	600
Coal	Rayalseema TPP Stage IV (Unit 6) expansion-Andhra Pradesh Power Gen. Corp., India	600
Coal	Sahajbahal supercritical power plant expansion-Ind-Bharat Energy Utkal Ltd., India	660
Coal	Sakhalinskaya 2 power plant-RusHydro, Russia	500
Coal	San Ramon Power Corp. CFB power project, Philippines	100
Coal	Sattupalli power plant-APGENCO, India	600
Coal	Seagull CFB power plant (Gunsan)-Gunjang Energy, South Korea	250
Coal	Selda power plant-NTPC, India	1320
Coal	Sikka 3,4 power project-Gujarat State Electricity Corp. (GSECL), India	500
Coal	Simhapuri-Madhucon Projects/Malaxmi Group power projects, India	600
Coal	South Sumatra 10-PLN, Indonesia	600
Coal	South Sumatra 9-PLN, Indonesia	1200
Coal	Sunon Asogli- Shenzhen Energy power project in Ghana, Ghana	700
Coal	Suratgarh supercritical power plant, India	1320
Coal	Taean 9, 10-Korea Western Power, South Korea	2100
Coal	Taichung 11,12-Taipower, Taiwan	1600
Coal	Talin 1 ultrasupercritical rebuild-Taipower, Taiwan	800
Coal	Tamnar expansion (Raigarh) power project-Jindal Steel & Power, India	2400
Coal	Tanjung Bin supercritical power plant--Malakoff Corp., Malaysia	1000
Coal	Tanjung Enim power plant-Huadian Butik Asam Power, Indonesia	1240
Coal	Thai Binh 2-PetroVietnam, Vietnam	1200
Coal	Tirora Phase I and II power project-Adani Power, India	2640
Coal	Tori supercritical power plant (Chakala coal mine)-Essar Projects, India	1200
Coal	Tuticorin II Hanakon power project-Bharat Power (Karwar), India	300
Coal	Ugljevik addition, Bosnia	600
Coal	Wanakori 8 supercritical project-Gujarat State Electricity Corp. (GSECL), India	800
Coal	Yavatmal -Jinbhuvish Power Generation, India	600
Gas	Osan City CHP CCGT - DS Power, South Korea	436
Gas	Pancevo power project, Serbia	450
Gas	PGE/Police cogen power plant, Poland	600
Nuclear	Angra 3 (Alvaro Alberto) nuclear power plant-Electronuclear, Brazil	1270
Nuclear	Bailong nuclear power plant Phase 1-China Guangdong Nuclear Power, etc., China	2000
Nuclear	Fangchenggang 1,2 (Hongsha)-China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corp., China	2000
Nuclear	Hongyanhe 1-6 nuclear power plant-CGNPC, China	6000
Nuclear	Kakrapar 3,4 nuclear power plant-Nuclear Power Corp. of India, India	1400
Nuclear	Leningrad II 1,2-Energoatom, Russia	2400
Nuclear	Novovoronezh II nuclear power plant-Energoatom, Russia	2340
Nuclear	Rostov 3 and 4-Rosatom, Russia	2270

Valve Revenues/bbl of Oil Equivalent
Subsea and CTL	4
Unconventional, Shale, Tar Sands, CBM	3
Conventional	1

Exploration	30-40% of total cost/bbl
Development and Production	60-70% of total cost/bbl
Decline Rates	5-30%/yr. (production from a specific well)

Valve Revenues/MW
Nuclear	1.5
Coal	1
Gas Turbine/Combined Cycle	0.4

Worldwide Summary Total for Startup Date:	2016