Internal Data Search by Text Descriptor
Analysis by HT allows plant to better understand optimum operating mode for BCP
Hayward Tyler was contracted by a major Engineering, Procure and Construction (EPC) company to assess the expected degradation to a BCP based upon 22 different plant operating conditions. The operating conditions varied from cold starts/stops to hot start/stops and trip conditions. HT carried out thermal stress analysis and fatigue life calculations using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to quantify the degradation expected on the BCP. This included assessing for component interference due to rapid thermal expansion and a calculated fatigue life of the main components due to thermal shocking. The results showed that all operating scenarios would be acceptable except one, which would result in a mechanical rub between the impeller and diffuser wear rings. This scenario could cause significant damage to the BCP if it is was undertaken by the plant. In addition, Hayward Tyler was able to identify the highest stressed areas of the pump case based on the FEA results. This can be used when carrying out local inspection of the pump case. The analysis allows plant operators/owners to better understand the damage to their equipment based on how they want and need to operate the power plant. They are able to make informed decisions on operating regimes by understanding the impact to their BCP.
Revision Date: 7/25/2019
Tags: Hayward Tyler, Canned Motor Pump
Analysis of dumping of ammonium sulfate by Chinese suppliers
This 2017 analysis by USITC (United States International Trade Commission) provided production in tons and sources such as fiber manufacturing and steel making where ammonium sulfate is a byproduct. One producer has a dedicated facility to manufacture it. There is the potential to convert SO2 from power plants to ammonium sulfate. The price of the product is a key factor in the net cost of this approach. Therefore, this publication is relevant.
Revision Date: 7/2/2019
Tags: 331111 - Iron and Steel Mills , 314000 - Textile Products , United States International Trade Commission, Fiber, Steel, Conversion, Manufacture
KCPL summary of Nox and SO2 initiatives as of 2011
As of 2011 Montrose, Sibley and Lake Road considering dry sobent injection, but SCR at LyCygne reducing Nox by 90%. Iatan SCR reducing Nox by 75%, while scrubber reduces SO2 by 99%.
Revision Date: 1/26/2019
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kansas City Power and Light, SCR, Direct Sorbent Injection, FGD
KCPL Bart analysis showed DSI cost effective for LyCgne 1&2
The 2006 analysis by Trinity consultants analyzd options for SO2 and Nox reduction and concluded that dierct sorbent injection would meet the requirements at a low capital cost.
Revision Date: 1/26/2019
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kansas City Power and Light, Direct Sorbent Injection, SCR
IEA Analysis of the Emerging Market for Mercury Control
Europe is moving toward tougher regulations for mercury control. The requirement to measure mercury emissions at each stack is a precursor to eventual regulation. The fact that scrubbers are required at virtually all coal-fired plants means that most mercury is already captured.
Revision Date: 8/10/2015
Tags: Regulations & Policy
Advantages of wet limestone FGD
Which FGD process to choose ?
Revision Date: 7/10/2014
Tags: Advatech, Spray Tower, FGD
Alstom NID is installed in coal fired power plants as well as incinerators and steel mills
Alstom has a number of installations of a unique type of CDS scrubber desgignated NID. There are a number of installations including 5,000 MW in China and units as large as 585 MW in the U.S. A unit is slated for TVA Gallatin. Two 660 MW systems are being installed at Homer City.
Revision Date: 4/2/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Alstom, Circulating Dry Scrubber
There is some common history in the Lurgi and Graff –Wulff design which is now owned by Foster Wheeler. A large unit at Dry Fork has been in operation for several years. Some large Chinese installations by Wuhan Kaidi and others date back to 2005 and a number of units in Europe date back even farther.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Foster Wheeler, Wuhan Kaidi, Circulating Dry Scrubber
Extensive CDS Experience Already Gained in U.S
Lime and hydrated lime are widely available to meet the demands of FGT applications in the U.S. power industry. Lime-based CDS technologies have become popular options to achieve very high removals of multiple pollutants produced from solid fossil fuel-fired electricity generating units. Four lime-based CDS technologies have been installed in 12 PC boilers and 12 CFB boilers. Constructions are underway at 15 PC boilers. These technologies are applied to units with sizes ranging from 58 to 690 MW. Data obtained from AES Greenidge and Sandow Stations showed that the emission limits of Hg, filterable particulate, and HCl mandated under the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards were met. CDS is capable of handling solid fuels with various sulfur contents. CDS is capable of handling wide swing load. Multiple CDS reactor vessels can be placed in parallel to process flue gases from larger units.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: McIlvaine, Circulating Dry Scrubber
More Dry scrubber analysis from Kiewit
See previous articlesfor details but here is more: For the CFBs, a typical approach temperature is 30°F to 40°F, while for the NID a tighter approach of 25°F to 30°F is more common. Because the temperature is still maintained above saturation, reactor materials of construction are typically carbon steel. Type 316 L stainless steel is often used for specialty components such as water injection nozzles and some lime hydrator parts.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: Kiewit Power Engineers, Energy-Tech Magazine
Dry scrubber options as listed by Kiewit
In addition to Graff-Wulff, Babcock Turbosorp, and Allied/Lurgi design provide the CFB options. SDA is more widely used but concern about atomizer O &M costs as well as distributing the slurry in droplets which will dry prior to reaching the particulate collector.
Revision Date: 3/26/2014
Tags: Kiewit Power Engineers, Power Engineering
Comparison of components and systems in dry scrubbing
Paul Farber presented good detailed analysis of components as well as systems. He compared rotary atomizer vs dual fluid nozzles I SDA and addressed both the fluidized bed and Nids as sub segments of CDS. For example NIDS is limited to much smaller modules. Dual fluid nozzle design has smaller footprint. Waste handling and DSI are also covered in extensive analysis
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: Dual Fluid Nozzle, Spray Dryer Absorber, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Direct Sorbent Injection, Rotary Atomizer, Slaker
Comparison of spray dryer and CDS by Farber et al
Each has advantages. SO2 Capture Capability-advantage to CDS Fuel Flexibility- advantage to CDS Load Flexibility-advantage to SDA Utilities Consumption-slight advantage to SDA Waste Production- advantage to SDA
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: Circulating Dry Scrubber, Spray Dryer, Efficiency, Cost
Spray Dryer FGD at TEP Springerville
The dry FGD system for each unit comprises three spray dryer absorbers (SDA) with rotary atomizers and a reverse-air fabric filter. The Springerville Station receives high-calcium pebble lime via rail, and a pneumatic system transports the lime to a day bin located at each unit. Horizontal ball mill slakers convert the pebble lime to lime slurry, which is combined with a slurry of recycled material from the fabric filter just prior to being fed to the rotary atomizer. When the units were constructed, the dry FGD systems were built with a partial bypass, the result of which is that 75% of the flue gas is treated in the spray dryers and the bypassed flue gas is recombined with the scrubbed stream before entering the fabric filter. TEP, with S&L as Owner’s Engineer, implemented the following modifications to reduce NOX and SO2 emissions: • Installation of low-NOX burners and overfire air (NOX). • Installation of a fourth spray dryer and elimination of the flue gas bypass (SO2).
Revision Date: 3/18/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AEP / SEPCO, Tucson Electric Power, San Miguel Electyric Cooperative, Spray Dryer Absorber
Gas Suspension Absorber / Description
One of the reasons for the high efficiency of the KC Cottrell GSA is that the reactor has been based on gas suspension technology. This means that a very large concentration of fly ash, dust particles and lime builds up inside the reactor. The concentration is normally 50 to 100 times as high as in a conventional reactor. The effect is further enhanced by the fact that lime, fly ash and by-products are recycled about 100 times in the KC Cottrell GSA system. A short erection period is achieved due to a modular design, offering enormous flexibility. Maintenance costs for the KC Cottrell GSA are extremely low compared to more conventional plants. One reason for this is the minimal wear and tear due to few moving parts and a very simple, uncomplicated and stationary nozzle.
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Dry FGD, Screw Conveyor, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Cyclone, Gas Suspension Absorber, Module, Air Quality
Gas Suspension Absorber Technology for Multi-pollutant Control of Boiler Flue Gas Emissions
A recirculating bed dry scrubber technology capable of efficient acid gas control –SO2, HCl, and H2SO4. •Utilizes lime reagent either as dry hydrate or as lime slurry. •Coupled with ESP or FF for control of PMand PM-10 emissions. •Can incorporate ACI for control of Hg and dioxins/furans. •Emissions of HCl, PM, Hg below MACT requirements.
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Screw Conveyor, Dry FGD, Gas Suspension Absorber, Cyclone, Air Quality, Module
Features and Benefits of KC Cottrell’s Gas Suspension Absorber (GSA) Technology
The lime can be injected either as a slurry, through commercially available two-fluid nozzle atomizers, or as powdered calcium hydroxide. The intense recirculation within the reactor promotes efficient acid gas neutralization, resulting in high removal efficiencies at low lime consumption rates. The nozzles are commercially available and can be changed out on the fly, without impacting scrubbing efficiency. The use of the cyclone to capture and recycle solids from the reactor vessel greatly reduces the demand on the downstream particulate collector. The slim profile of the GSA reactor vessel itself minimizes plan area requirements, which are frequently at a premium in retrofit applications
Revision Date: 3/17/2014
Tags: KC Green Holdings, KC Cottrell, Cyclone, Circulating Dry Scrubber, Gas Suspension Absorber, Screw Conveyor, Dry FGD, Air Quality, Module
Provides an accurate, independent assessment of the cost and performance for Pulverized Coal (PC) Combustion, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC), and Natural Gas Combined Cycles (NGCC)
Revision Date: 5/28/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Cost, Energy Production
Verantis Is a Mid Size Scrubber System Supplier with Some Recent Orders
Verantis is a good OEM prospect directly for DCS and instruments. It will also buy some wastewater treatment equipment but also can be a collaborator where the customer is doing is on wastewater treatment. The customer will not buy the scrubber unless he knows how he is going to handle the waste water
Revision Date: 2/25/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , Verantis, Scrubber, OEM Prospect, Wastewater Treatment, USA
MET Exhibiting Scrubber Systems and SCR at EUEC
MET was once GE Environmental Services. They have designed many scrubber systems with wastewater treatment. They just licensed SCR from Termokimick. They have conventional limestone systems but also use ammonia and make ammonium sulfate.
Revision Date: 2/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , Marsulex Environmental Technologies, SCR, FGD, Zero Liquid Discharge System, OEM Prospect, Wastewater Treatment, USA
Cooper of Civil and Environmental Consultants Discusses Reclaim Water at EUEC
Ivan Cooper gave a speech at EUEC on using municipal reclaim water and high cycles of concentration for cooling towers to save water and energy. Ivan was with CH2M Hill.
Revision Date: 2/20/2013
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Civil & Environmental Consultants, Consultant, AE Specifier, Water Reclamation, Wastewater Treatment, USA, USA
CH2M Hill Specifying Lots of Water Related Products –Active at EUEC
At EUEC CH2M Hill was active Holley Scott was at the stand , He is managing the power water segment John Oster, water engineer and Charlie Nichols gave a paper on “use of non-disinfected municipal wastewater Stephan Petron, Global Ecosystems Services Director, and Christopher Wiggins discussed the impact of cooling water intakeregulations. Ivan Cooper gave a paper but he was listed as a principal in Civil & Environmental Consultants and not CH2M Hill
Revision Date: 2/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , CH2M Hill, Cooling Tower, Zero Liquid Discharge System, AE Specifier, Water Reclamation, Wastewater Treatment, USA, USA
Advatech Designs Zero Liquid Discharge Systems As Well As Scrubbers
Advatech is a joint venture between URS and Mitsubishi. They have sold many scrubber systems in the U.S. Mitsubishi is the largest scrubber supplier world wide. They are now emphasizing their water management abilities including zero liquid discharge. Advatech Water Management: As concerns mount over the quality and quantity of our water supply, regulatory limits on water usage and discharge grow more stringent. In many instances, water usage brings with it a significant expense, and going to Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) is either a necessity or an expected near-term requirement. ADVATECH has designed wet FGD systems for chloride concentrations up to 50,000 ppm so that the only source of purge is the free moisture in the disposal-grade gypsum. However, this approach can incur a hefty cost in the form of materials of construction and decreased limestone reactivity. To minimize cost, we have been at the forefront in developing low-capital technologies capable of eliminating liquid discharge from wet FGD while maintaining chloride levels in a reasonable range, all this without the need for an expensive and complicated wastewater treatment process.
Revision Date: 2/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , Advatech, FGD, Zero Liquid Discharge System, OEM Prospect, Wastewater Treatment, USA
DeNOx Decisively Classified Options for Coal, Cement, Incineration
Here is a chart regarding DeNOx Decisively Classified Options for Coal, Cement , Incineration.
Revision Date: 1/25/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 327310 - Cement Manufacturing 水泥生产, 562213 - Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators , Catalytic Filter, Ozone Oxidation, SCR, Hydrogen Peroxide, SNCR, DeNOx Options, DeNOx
Partner with Andritz Power as you are with Andritz Metals and Pulp & Paper
Revision Date: 1/8/2013
Tags: 221117 - Biomass Power , Andritz, Flow Monitor, pH Meter, Advanced Process Control, Wastewater Treatment, Scrubbing, FGD
Consumers Energy DSI, Fabric Filter, FGD, Wind and Hydro Projects
Revision Date: 12/20/2012
Tags: Consumers Energy, Wind Turbine, Dry Sorbent Injection, FGD, Fabric Filter, Mercury, World Power Generation, FGD, Fabric Filter, Wind Energy, Renewable Energy, USA
Forty-Nine Coal-Fired Power Plants Report Groundwater Contamination due to Coal Ash Ponds
Revision Date: 12/12/2012
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 562910 - Remediation Services , Environmental Integrity Project, Arsenic, Cadmium, Selenium
European Cartridge Analysis for Gas Turbine and Dust Collection
This analysis focuses on the cartridge market for gas turbine and dust collection for seven European countries.
Revision Date: 11/29/2012
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Cartridge Filter, Air Filter, Market, Dust Collecting, Air Filtration, Air Intake, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, UK
Regulatory Drivers in the Power Industry - Opportunities for Xylem
A summary of current and future regulations in the power industry in the U.S., Europe and China and areas of opportunity for Xylem products.
Revision Date: 1/13/2012
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , Xylem, Regulation
Summary of current legislative and regulatory incentives for investments in water and wastewater solutions in the industrial sector. Power, hydraulic fracturing and energy efficiency and sustainability initiatives in the U.S. are looked at. In addition, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru are looked at.
Revision Date: 1/13/2012
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , Cooling Water, Regulation
Technical support needed for U.S. industrial projects - Wesley Lobo
An InterWEBview with Wesley is summarized elsewhere. This analysis deals with marketing related discussions which were part of that interview. Wesley is concerned that sales people be backed up with the necessary technical support and with products which are optimum for the process.
Revision Date: 1/12/2012
Tags: 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing , 312111 - Soft Drink Manufacturing * , 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Ultraviolet Disinfection, Ozone Oxidation, Cooling Tower, Market, Distribution
Pulp and Paper, textile and COD are the industrial targets for WEDECO
Joachim Sigg is Director/GM Disinfection Business Unit. He provided an interview with Mcilvaine. This is linked elsewhere. This is a summary of his thoughts on the coordination and collaboration needs within the company.
Revision Date: 1/11/2012
Tags: 322110 - Pulp Mills , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Cooling Tower, Ultraviolet Disinfection, Ozone Oxidation, Bleaching
Use of Degraded Water Sources as Cooling Water in Power Plants
This report is a comprehensive study of the use of three types of degraded water sources as cooling water in power plants: 1) produced water from oil and gas production, 2) agricultural return water from flood irrigation, and 3) treated municipal effluent. The report identifies commercially available technologies to treat degraded water before using as cooling water, including biological treatment and ion exchange systems.
Revision Date: 11/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, California Energy Commission, Ion Exchange, Biological Treatment, Water Recycling, Cooling Water, Water Reuse
Water Treatment for Fossil Fuel Power Generation
This report contains a technology status report with a very good overview of water and wastewater treatment processes in power plants. The report then identifies future technology trends and growth markets for treatment equipment and processes. For example, the authors see Continuous Electro Eeionisation (CEDI) with reverse osmosis replacing straight ion exchange systems for treating boiler make-up water, and continued growth in the market for membrane technologies. The report also projects continued growth in the Chinese and Indian power sectors, but sees opportunities in other regions as well.
Revision Date: 11/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, UK Department of Trade and Industry, Xylem, Membrane, Ion Exchange, Gravity Separator, Sludge Collector, Clarifier, Reverse Osmosis, Market Trends, Cooling Water, Boiler Make-up Water, Zero Liquid Discharge, Scrubbing, Wastewater Treatment, Water Treatment, Ultrapure
Use of Reclaimed Water for Power Plant Cooling
This report from August 2007 discusses the use of treated municipal wastewater as cooling water make-up for a power plant. The report also includes a database of over 50 power plants using reclaimed water, including the source, volume and characteristics of the water.
Revision Date: 11/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, U.S. DOE, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Xylem, Water Recycling, Cooling Water, Water Reuse
Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Power Plant-Water R&D Program
DOE/NETL’s Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program is conducting research in four areas related to the use of water by power plants: 1) non-traditional sources of process and cooling water; 2) innovative water reuse and recovery; 3) advanced cooling technology; and 4) advanced water treatment and detection technology. Of particular note, the article discusses the reuse of water from municipal WWTPs and contains data regarding overall power sector water consumption in the US.
Revision Date: 11/10/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, U.S. DOE, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Xylem, Cooling Water, Water Recycling, Water Reuse
Power is the Highest Xylem Priority in the Industrial Treatment Space
Power with the broader definition represents 37% of the entire industrial treatment market. So for the largest water treatment company it is essential to be the market leader in this space. There are many favorable aspects including size, standardization, water not oil, customers, applications, sustainability, market access, products, individual order size, high growth, easy customer access, global needs, and many of the same engineering firms as are dealing in municipal water.
Revision Date: 11/7/2011
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , Xylem, Market, Opportunity