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Thermax supplies ZLD systems which take into account site specific factors

Considering the high operating cost of the ZLD system, it is important to maximize recovery before the ZLD. Selection of proper unit operations and processes can minimize waste generation. Advanced Technologies like EDR can also be effectively used depending upon the effluent characteristics to maximize the recovery. A good zero liquid discharge system forms a successful shape when these selection checks are considered. Thermax Limited has successfully supplied ZLD plants in various segments like automobile, brewery, pharmaceutical, textile, chemical, etc. Few of the supplied installations are running successfully for more than ten years.

Revision Date:  7/2/2019

Tags:  325000 - Chemical Manufacturing , 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing , , Thermax, ZLD System, Zero Liquid Discharge


Dense slurry key to ZLD at Hungarian Power Plant

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identified biological treatment as the baseline treatment technology for FGD wastewater in the ELGs. However, it is becoming evident that bioreactors exhibit high capital and operating costs, occupy significant space, and are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH. Dense slurry ash management can sequester large quantities of FGD wastewater along with the contained contaminants through hydration, encapsulation, and entrainment for a fraction of the cost of traditional treatment. By using dense slurry sequestration of FGD wastewater, off-site discharge of effluent can be avoided altogether. Dense slurry was employed at (among other plants) the Matra Power Plant near Budapest, Hungary, and this technology played a key role in helping the plant achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD). The Matra project is summarized and data are presented that show how the technology helped the plant achieve ZLD and other environmental objectives. Note: As of 2001, NAES Corp is a Division of Itochu

Revision Date:  6/27/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, U.S. EPA, NAES Corp., Slurry, Wastewater, Zero Liquid Discharge, Hungary


Biological Treatment or ZLD for FGD Wastewater

The Biological treatment process is perceived as the low-cost option to FGD treatment and the Zero Liquid Discharge process is perceived to be more expensive from a CAPEX and OPEX standpoint. While this is true, the difference is not as much as has been presented within the market by various engineering firms. In addition, there are options for achieving ZLD while reducing the costs associated with this alternative. Burns & McDonnell has postulated that the cost of biological treatment plants and ZLD plants are closely competitive up to 200 GPM whereas CH2M indicates the installed cost of ZLD to be three times that of Biological treatment. The equipment costs and estimated installation costs of the ZLD system generated by Aquatech paint a much more positive depiction of the relative installed costs of ZLD compared to Biological treatment.

Revision Date:  12/13/2018

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Burns & McDonnell, Jacobs Group, Aquatech, Zero Liquid Discharge


Zero Liquid Discharge Details and Water Chemistry by Brian Clarke, Kiewit - Hot Topic Hour March 12, 2015

Brian presented an analysis of wastewater treatment options.

Revision Date:  3/12/2015

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kiewit, Zero Liquid Discharge System, Zero Liquid Discharge, Wastewater Treatment


Power Plant Chemicals Webinar - Hot Topic Hour September 25, 2014

The level of knowledge demonstrated by the speakers relative to the challenges of preventing corrosion and malfunction of gas turbine combined cycle plants which are cycling hundreds of times per year and may be using poor quality source water makes a persuasive case for continuing expert advice.

Revision Date:  9/25/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, McIlvaine, Kiewit, Miox, HDR Engineering, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Air Cooled Condenser, Fogging System, Cooling Tower, Treatment Chemicals, Ultrapure Water, Cycle Chemistry, Corrosion, Water Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge


Water Treatment and Chemistry Answers for HRSG Operators by Brad Buecker, Kiewit - Hot Topic Hour September 25, 2014

Questions answered regarding HRSG water/steam chemistry and prevention of corrosion and fouling in steam generators. Even seemingly minor issues have been known to cause failures that cost power producers millions of dollars and in some cases even claimed lives. This is the ultimate cost.

Revision Date:  9/25/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kiewit, Air Cooled Condenser, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Fogging System, Treatment Chemicals, Cycle Chemistry, Corrosion, Ultrapure Water, Water Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge


Control and Treatment Technology for FGD Wastewater Webinar - Hot Topic Hour August 15, 2013

There are State rules in place which are requiring significant investment in treatment.

Revision Date:  8/15/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, URS Corp., Advatech, Veolia, EPRI, Wastewater Spray Dryer, Pressure Evaporation, Non-Thermal, MATS, Arsenic, Selenium, Nitrogen, Mercury, Effluent Treatment, Wastewater, FGD, Zero Liquid Discharge


Wastewater Treatment and Xero Liquid Discharge Technologies: Overview and New Developments by Gordon Maller, URS Corp. - Hot Topic Hour August 15, 2013

Gordon discussed the non thermal ZLD process.This process would seem to be ideal in conjunction with the hot catalytic filter with DSI and is therefore being displayed on the hot gas filter website

Revision Date:  8/15/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, URS Corp., Non-Thermal, Effluent Treatment, MATS, Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium, Nitrogen, Wastewater, FGD, Zero Liquid Discharge


The CoLD Crystallization Process by William Shaw, Veolia - Hot Topic Hour August 15, 2013.

New approaches to evaporator system design, especially the recently patented CoLD® crystallization technology.

Revision Date:  8/15/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Veolia, Pressure Evaporation, Effluent Treatment, MATS, Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium, Nitrogen, Wastewater, FGD, Zero Liquid Discharge


The Wastewater Spray Dryer, "The Simple Solution to Zero Liquid Discharge" by Norikazu Inaba, Advatech - Hot Topic Hour August 15, 2013

MHI has developed low CAPEX/OPEX technology for truly achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD) from wet FGD to meet the stringent effluent limits.

Revision Date:  8/15/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Advatech, Wastewater Spray Dryer, Effluent Treatment, MATS, Mercury, Arsenic, Selenium, Nitrogen, Wastewater, Zero Liquid Discharge, FGD


Sherman Combined Cycle Power Plant--Panda

Panda Power Funds was joined Nov. 8, 2012 by officials from across the Lone Star State to break ground on the company’s 758-megawatt natural gas-fueled, combined-cycle power plant in Sherman, Texas. It was also announced that GE will be installing its zero liquid discharge (ZLD) wastewater treatment system at the plant.

Revision Date:  2/13/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens, Bechtel, GE, Panda Power, Zero Liquid Discharge System, Project, Zero Liquid Discharge, World Power Generation, USA


Temple Combined Cycle-Panda Power Funds

Bechtel, along with representatives from Panda Temple Power, LLC, an affiliate of Panda Power Funds, Siemens, and federal, state, and local dignitaries celebrated the groundbreaking of the Panda Temple Project. It was also announced that GE will be installing its zero liquid discharge (ZLD) wastewater treatment system at the 758 MW combined cycle plant. Once commissioned, the Temple plant will use treated water from a nearby wastewater treatment plan.

Revision Date:  2/13/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Panda Power, GE, Bechtel, Siemens, Zero Liquid Discharge System, Project, Zero Liquid Discharge, Wastewater Reuse, World Power Generation, USA


Zero Liquid Discharge for Kemper Supplied by Aquatech

Mississippi Power Co. has awarded a contract to Aquatech International to provide a water purification system for its $2.4 billion coal-fired IGCC power plant in Kemper County. Treated effluent will be purchased from nearby municipal wastewater treatment plants and stored in a reservoir prior to purification. Aquatech's system will allow the plant to achieve zero liquid discharge.

Revision Date:  10/23/2012

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Southern Company, Aquatech, Zero Liquid Discharge System, Wastewater Reuse, Zero Liquid Discharge, World Power Generation, USA


Physical-Chemical, biological and ZLD are all used for FGD wastewater

Options for Treating FGD Purge Wastewater • Physical-chemical treatment to reduce total suspended solids, adjust pH, de-supersaturate the purge stream, and reduce heavy metals. Since 2004, about 14 systems have been installed and are operating in the United States; 27 more are under construction. • Biological treatment to reduce selected heavy metals (such as selenium), and/or organics resulting from use of organic acids, and/or to reduce total nitrogen (usually due to ammonia slip from a selective catalytic reactor). This system is usually preceded by a physical-chemical system to protect it from scaling and suspended solids overload. Since 2004, about eight biological treatment systems have been installed or are planned for installation at FGD wastewater facilities. • Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) using thermal units (evaporator, crystallizer, spray dryer). Only one was operated briefly in the United States in the 1990s, but it experienced scaling, plugging, corrosion, and high capital and operations and maintenance costs. Two more have been ordered in recent years, with one under construction and one canceled during construction. • ZLD using deep-well injection. One is in operation in the United States, and one is under construction. This option costs $5 million to $6 million per well, with two to three wells per site. This system also requires a physical-chemical treatment system preceding it to reduce suspended solids and to de-supersaturate the wastewater to prevent scaling in the high temperature, high pressure deep-well environment. • Sludge stabilization by mixing FGD purge with fly ash for land filling. None are currently being built; however, about 15 were constructed in the 1970s-1980s. This approach eliminates the ability to sell fly ash for commercial products and requires extra landfill volume. • Stacking the gypsum for either final disposal or future reclaim. This will absorb some of the purge in the stack. Liquid runoff is collected in holding basins, mixed with ash water, or held in solar evaporation ponds (in favorable climates). A couple of these designs are under construction but could be required to retrofit to treat the gypsum stack runoff. • Constructed wetlands treatment system. Only three have been completed, and performance has been mixed.

Revision Date:  12/5/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Wastewater, Biological Treatment, FGD, Physical Chemical Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge


Controlling Water Usage and Wastewater Discharge

This article discusses ways to reduce power plant water consumption and the volume of wastewater discharged. In particular, the author says that clarification and softening of cooling tower make-up water will lead to fewer cooling tower blowdowns and improve water conservation. The article also discusses a wastewater recovery and reuse system which includes micro- or ultra-filters, an ion exchanger and a reverse osmosis system. For zero liquid discharge, an evaporator/crystallizer would also be required.

Revision Date:  11/10/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Clarifier, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange, Evaporator, Membrane, Cooling Water, Wastewater Treatment, Water Reuse, Zero Liquid Discharge, Power Engineering


Water Treatment for Fossil Fuel Power Generation

This report contains a technology status report with a very good overview of water and wastewater treatment processes in power plants. The report then identifies future technology trends and growth markets for treatment equipment and processes. For example, the authors see Continuous Electro Eeionisation (CEDI) with reverse osmosis replacing straight ion exchange systems for treating boiler make-up water, and continued growth in the market for membrane technologies. The report also projects continued growth in the Chinese and Indian power sectors, but sees opportunities in other regions as well.

Revision Date:  11/10/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, UK Department of Trade and Industry, Xylem, Membrane, Ion Exchange, Gravity Separator, Sludge Collector, Clarifier, Reverse Osmosis, Market Trends, Cooling Water, Boiler Make-up Water, Zero Liquid Discharge, Scrubbing, Wastewater Treatment, Water Treatment, Ultrapure


Zero Liquid Discharge, Membrane Hybrid Excels in China

This article discusses zero liquid discharge systems which include stand-alone thermal/evaporative processes, membrane processes or a combination/hybrid of the two. The hybrid process includes an ion exchanger, deaerator, reverse osmosis filters and an evaporator/brine concentrator.

Revision Date:  11/10/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Evaporator, Wastewater Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge, Waterworld, China


Fundamentals of Zero Liquid Discharge System Design

This article discusses the primary method for achieving zero liquid discharge from a power plant by using an evaporation process with a falling film evaporator inside a brine concentrator vessel. HPD has developed a new, low temperature approach using a CoLD crystallizer (Crystallization of salts at Low temperature and Deep vacuum).

Revision Date:  11/10/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Veolia Water, HPD, Evaporator, Wastewater Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge, Powermag