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High Chlorine coals are less costly and can create a byproduct
The advantages of using high chlorine coals are the lower cost and the ability to produce a byproduct. This article points out that Illinois coals with 0.2% chlorine content are being burned in many units without extreme corrosion. In fact, it is hard to draw a direct correlation between corrosion and chlorine content. Some coals with 0.3 % coal are being successfully utilized. The conclusion is that there are multiple factors creating the corrosion. Steps such as more even fuel combustion can be more important than chlorine content.
Revision Date: 7/11/2019
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Coal, Combustion, Corrosion, USA
Powder-Bulk Products, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/31/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Powder-Bulk Products, Conveyor, Flyash, Valve, USA
Calgon Carbon Corporation at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Calgon Carbon, Mercury, Dry Sorbent Injection, Trona, Activated Carbon, USA
Yokogawa at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Yokogawa Electric, Instrument, Meter, SCR, SNCR, NH3 Monitor, IR Laser Spectroscopy, Testing, USA
Guodian Longyuan Technologies USA Corporation at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Guodian Longyuan Technologies USA Corporation, Combustion Monitor, USA
Environmental Energy Services, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Environmental Energy Services, Inc., Wastewater Treatment Chemical, Chemical, Mercury, Combustion, Air Pollution Control, Acid Gas Removal, USA
Xylem - Flygt Products at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Submersible Mixer, Submersible Pump, USA
Mitsubishi Power Systems Americas, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Information regarding booth at Electric Power 2013.
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mitsubishi Power Systems, SCR, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Nox Control, USA
Conspec Controls at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Conspec Controls, Gas Analyzer, USA
Power & Industrial Services Corporation at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Power & Industrial Services, Combustion System, Combustion Optimization, Boiler Efficiency, Combustion, Overfire Air, USA
Wartsila North America, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Wartsila North America, Engine, Combustion, USA
CiDRA Corporate Services, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, CiDRA, Flow Monitor, USA
Sulzer Pumps at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sulzer Pumps, Control System, Compressor, Pump, Monitoring System, USA
FLSmidth at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, FLSmidth, Pneumatic Conveyor, USA
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Dustex, Heat Exchanger, Fabric Filter, Mercury, Circulating Dry Scrubber, USA
Ashland Water Technologies at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Ashland Water Technologies, Wastewater Treatment Chemical, USA
AMEX NOOTER, LLC at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AMEX NOOTER, Construction, USA
Southern Environmental, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Southern Environmental, Particulate, Fabric Filter, Electrostatic Precipitator, USA
Engineered Pump Services, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Engineered Pump Services, Pump, USA
NWL Transformers at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, NWL Transformers, Power Supply, Electrostatic Precipitator, USA
Flowrox, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Flowrox, Pump, Peristaltic Pump, Valve, USA
Marrone Bio Innovations at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Marrone Bio Innovations, Wastewater Treatment Chemical, USA
Nagle Pumps at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Nagle Pumps, Pump, Submersible Pump, USA
KSB, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, KSB, Valve, Pump, USA
Hydro Dyne, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Hydro Dyne, Heat Exchanger, USA
Benetech, Inc. at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Benetech, Conveyor, Mixing, USA
National Steel City, LLC at Electric Power 2013
Revision Date: 5/24/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, National Steel City, Air Quality, Precipitator, Scrubber, Absorber, SCR, Air Cooled Condenser, USA
Windpower Conference 2013 (Pumps)
Revision Date: 5/20/2013
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221310 - Water Supply & Irrigation Systems , Graco Inc., Kracht Corp., Pump, USA
Windpower Conference 2013 (Valves)
Revision Date: 5/20/2013
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 325120 - Industrial Gas Manufacturing , Windurance, Bachmann Electric GmbH, Campbell Scientific, C.C. JENSEN A/S, CG, Bosch Rexroth, Beckhoff Automation, BaxEnergy GmbH, G&W Electric Co., ABB, ICONICS, Inc., Ingeteam Inc., LEADERNET LLC, Mita-Teknik, NTRON, Red Lion Controls, S.C. Electric and Gas, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Anemometry Specialists, Hydac Technology, Graco Inc., SCADA, Instrument, Control, Valve, USA
Revision Date: 5/3/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 325193 - Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing , 325120 - Industrial Gas Manufacturing , 325188 - All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing , Metso, Zachry, Flowrox, Xylem, Everlasting Valve, SPX, Milton Roy, Wartsila North America, Sulzer Pumps, KSB, GEA Process Engineering, FLSmidth, Environment One Corporation, Buffalo Pumps, Flygt, Pump, USA
Revision Date: 5/3/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 325193 - Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing , 325188 - All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing , 325131 - Inorganic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing 无机染料和颜料生产, Burns & McDonnell, SNC-Lavalin, Zachry, URS Corp., SPX Flow Technology, FLSmidth, Kvaerner, KSB, Kellogg Brown & Root LLC, Metso Minerals, Everlasting Valve, Babcock & Wilcox, Indeck Power Equipment, GEA Process Engineering, Day & Zimmermann, Allied Environmental Solutions, Valve, USA
Exhibitors and Speakers With Water Potential at Electric Power May 14
The theme for ELECTRIC POWER 2013 Conference is “Flexibility & Adaptability: With more than 250 experts leading 9 conference tracks, 3 co-located events, a variety of pre-conference workshops
Revision Date: 3/12/2013
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Conference, USA
Wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) Systems and the associated wastewater treatment (WWT) plants are typically designed separately with little or no direct communication of design conditions between vendors. In the current economic climate the emphasis on cost reductions thru improved design conditions and innovative design approaches is essential. The basic design factors for the purge stream are the volumetric rates of the purge stream, the chlorides concentration, and the weight percent solids. These factors have significant impacts to the costs of both the WFGD system and the downstream WWT system. The optimization of these design factors will minimize the overall design costs of project. This paper will examine the process and cost impacts of designs from five projects that have both a Siemens WFGD and a Siemens WWT system and provide design recommendations for future systems.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens Energy, FGD, Air Quality, USA
The electrical generating community is aware of the U.S. EPA-proposed first-time nationwide regulations for handling and disposal of coal ash residuals (CCRs) including fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts. Option one (Subtitle C) makes CCRs subject to hazardous waste requirements under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Option two (Subtitle D) establishes stringent requirements under non-hazardous classification similar to municipal solid waste rules, also under RCRA. The industry is buzzing with speculation regarding the form of the final rule, timing, litigation and how to influence change. The critical question is “what is this going to cost?” Timely budget planning, decisions, and actions are necessary to prepare for minimum requirements common to both options, with sufficient flexibility to adapt should the more stringent classification be approved. In addition to new dry disposal requirements, existing wet ash and FGD handling systems may be phased out entirely, requiring conversion of equipment, addition of dewatering systems, and closure of ash ponds. Some states already have similar disposal requirements; others have no such regulations. Using the combined resources of detailed cost analysis for specific sites, adjustments from municipal and hazardous waste regulations and costs, trade and association summaries, existing regulations, local economic conditions, computer models, and 30 years of disposal records for other wastes help to develop high confidence level cost estimates. This paper presents an up-to-the moment rule status summary, key points of the CCR proposal and discusses optional engineering solutions available for compliance along with associated costs using the Total Cost Accounting approach. Potential impacts on beneficial uses (recycling) of CCRs are difficult to predict but must be factored into the financial decision making process.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sargent & Lundy, Wastewater Treatment System, Wastewater, USA
Power facilities and others relying on water as a means of cooling may be facing the need to make significant changes to their intake system to be compliant with the pending 316(b) ruling. This ruling is promoting safer fish handling, among other environmental aspects, and the EPA is planning to identify the Best Technology Available (BTA), which may be a variety of solutions, cooling towers or closed loop systems at the top. Solutions Some groups propose that closed loop cooling systems are the best solution for 316(b) compliance and ultimately the most environmental friendly. While this may seem like a sustainable solution, for the plant it can require major construction to retrofit the facility to accommodate a closed loop system. This construction can be costly and require the plant to stop production for some time, or worse, close the plant down. Many of these facilities are facing very tight budgets and making the most economical decision is important. The decision must be made carefully, considering the risk of costing the community jobs, impacting the local economy and ecology. A large portion of the market affected by the most up to date 316(b) rulings are currently utilizing Once Through Cooling rather than Closed Loop Systems. If given the chance to implement alternative water screening and handling technology, power generators and others using cooling water must evaluate more effective and affordable solutions while still meeting the core requirements of 316(b). There are solutions that may satisfy the demands of environmentalist, the EPA, and power plants. During this discussion, a fair comparison on these alternative technologies will be presented, along with our best available EPA 316(b) ruling update.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Superior Water Screen, Wastewater Treatment System, Wastewater, USA
This paper will take a brief look back at the history of SO3/H2SO4 concerns, from the “pseudo” particulate issues of the 1970s, current mitigation techniques, a review and comparison of extractive SO3 test methodology and the current need for real-time SO3 monitoring. The concern over SO3/H2SO4 formation in back-end coal fired boiler emissions has increased with the introduction of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) units to control NOX emissions. Prior to SCR usage, it has been the corrosive nature of SO3/H2SO4 and its’ affect on downstream equipment and ductwork, that has fueled efforts to understand its’ formation and the means to control or mitigate its’ affects. In addition, SO3 emissions can cause opacity accidences, interfere with activated carbon control of mercury emissions and bias particulate test results. Wet chemistry test methods do not provide real-time data often needed to minimize additive fuel rates used to control SO3 emissions. To both lower opacity levels while maintaining ESP fly ash conditioning, a facility will undertake a series of process control modifications; additive feed rates, and even comparison of different additives. These operations are time consuming and costly. The use of a real-time SO3 monitor allows sources to make these changes and receive feedback in a timely and cost effective manner. A comparison of the Controlled Condensate wet method and real time monitor test results will also be provided. The benefits of a real-time SO3 analyzer (vs the CCM approach) will also be discussed as they pertain to ease of set-up and operation, results by method, cost, and the ability of each method to provide information in a timely manner.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, EES, Monitoring, Air Quality, USA
As new regulations become more stringent and inclusive of additional requirements, utilities are being forced to modify the operation of their plants. Many are looking to their SCR catalyst to help meet these challenges. Choosing the optimum catalyst is an increasingly important decision because it not only ensures that utilities will comply with current regulations but it can also give utilities the flexibility to meet those that follow. Catalyst manufacturers continue to develop new catalysts that enhance the performance of the SCR, providing low cost solutions that give the required flexibility while minimizing the operational impact to the unit. This presentation will review the various factors that are part of the catalyst design and selection process including the catalyst performance requirements and the anticipated operating conditions. Discussion topics will include low load / low temperature operational impacts, SO2 to SO3 conversion minimization, mercury oxidation promotion on low halogen fuels, handling of large particle ash, and more. Finally, the operational and economic impacts of catalyst management programs will be reviewed.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Hitachi Power Systems America, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Air Quality, USA
The City Utilities of Springfield, MO - Southwest Power Station is comprised on one (1) operational generating unit (Unit 1), and one (1) new generating unit which is currently under construction (Unit 2). Unit 1 is a 203 MW Riley Wall Fired Unit utilizing PRB coal that has been retrofitted with an SCR System for NOx Control. The SCR reagent feed system is a urea based NH3 generation system provided by Fuel Tech, Inc under the trade name NOxOUT ULTRA™. The ULTRA technology is an on-line urea thermal decomposition process which provides the reagent feed to SCR systems. The ULTRA System for Unit 1 is sized at 240 PPH and Unit 2 is sized at 225 PPH of SCR reagent feed. The CUS Unit 1 SCR and reagent system was placed into commercial operation in January 2009 and has been operating successfully for approximately sixteen (16) months. The presentation will review the system layout, operational record, and maintenance issues over this time period. Also discussed will be some of the reasoning for selection on this technology and latest improvements.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Fuel Tech, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Air Quality, USA
Ameren has been a leader in lowering NOx emissions. In 1990 AmerenUE, now Ameren Missouri, an Ameren subsidiary, implemented a long term emission reduction program. Based on NOx emission rates in 2009, Ameren had 13 of the top 20 plants nation-wide including the top 4 for T-fired coal units without SCRs. These reductions can be attributed to the addition of OFA, boiler tuning, utilization of combustion optimization software, and Ameren’s dedication to reducing NOx emissions by maintaining a group of combustion engineers. Ameren will discuss recent advances in this area.
Revision Date: 5/12/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Ameren Services, Selective Catalytic Reduction, Air Quality, USA
Study was conducted at a 5-MW equivalent slipstream facility of Gulf Power’s Plant Crist Unit 5 located in Pensacola, FL. The facility is also commonly referred to as Mercury Research Center (MRC). During the trials lasting 10 days, the effect of a range of process variables was studied. The variables included flue gas temperature, air-to-cloth ratios, interval between cleaning, and the effect of removing some of the fly ash by an ESP upstream of baghouse, etc. GE tested a novel membrane-based filtration media formed as pleated elements. Data will be presented that shows that by using GE’s novel filtration elements, Mercury capture as high as 98% can be achieved by inherent fly ash alone (without needing to inject powdered activated carbon). This was true in spite of majority (about 80%) of Mercury being in elemental form in the flue gas. Traditional round filter bags are typically known to capture around 30 to 40% of Mercury in the flue gas by inherent fly ash. Data was also collected with injection of activated carbon upstream of baghouse. It was found that by using these novel filtration elements, if a plant is already using powdered activated carbon the consumption of activated carbon can be reduced by as much as 85%. Data will be reviewed along with the proposal of mechanisms about how this novel filtration element works in achieving such high Mercury captures, as compared to traditional round bags.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE Energy, Fabric Filter, Air Quality, USA
Based on a Federal Court decision the US EPA has agreed to propose the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units. This NESHAP is to be proposed by March 16, 2011 and promulgated by November 16th, 2011. This NESHAP, and the associated requirements for MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology), are expected to be very similar in form to the Industrial Boiler MACT. The MACT floor, based on EPA regulations, cannot be less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the best performing 12% of existing sources for subcategories with 30 or more sources, or the best-performing 5 sources for subcategories with fewer than 30 sources. Accordingly at least 90% of the Utility industry will be affected by the emission standards promulgated under this MACT. The MACT requirements will require upgrades and modifications to existing emissions control equipment and the installation of new control systems to limit emissions of mercury, the other criteria metals, acid gases such as HCl, and organics. This presentation will address the potential impacts on existing Utility Assets and discuss the implications and limitations of existing control technology to control the air pollutants addressed by this NESHAP.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Sargent & Lundy, Air Quality, MACT, USA
Draft U.S. Environmental Protection Agency hazardous air pollutant regulations for coal-fired utilities are anticipated by March 2011, and the expectation is that very high emission reductions (90% or greater) will be required for mercury control. Activated carbon injection (ACI) is expected to be a key tool for achieving these reductions; however, typical performance data with ACI suggest that in-flight mercury capture becomes exponentially more difficult at high reduction levels. Because of this decreasing sensitivity of mercury capture to carbon injection rate, ACI parameters will need to be optimized in order to consistently achieve high reduction targets. Unfortunately, optimization data may not exist for a number of plants since existing site-specific data may have been collected with outdated mercury capture targets in mind, and the ultimate capture potential or its sensitivity to plant operations was not thoroughly examined. To add to this dilemma, optimizing the maximum mercury reduction with ACI is not a trivial matter since there are number of potential bottlenecks that can limit overall capture. These restrictions range from insufficient sorbent distribution and contact time in the flue gas, to one of many kinetic limitations that arise under the conditions encountered in flue gas. This presentation will discuss the common mechanisms that limit mercury capture with ACI, as identified through fundamental study of mercury–carbon interactions and analysis of pilot and field data. Recognizing the typical trends with mercury capture can assist in the selection of ACI parameters that are most likely to achieve high reductions that may be mandated in the near future.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Energy & Environmental Research Center, Activated Carbon Injection System, Air Quality, USA
Dry injection of sodium sorbents (trona and sodium bicarbonate) has been proven as an important multi-pollutant control technology due to (a) its low capital cost, (b) small installation, © easiness to operate, and (d) flexibility to fuel changes. Trona has been used as the main sodium sorbent due to its relatively low price. However, for some power plants where higher SO2 removal rates are desired and amount of generated fly ash need to be minimized, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) offers a good alternative. For these reasons, a power plant that has been using trona since Fall 2005 tested conversion from trona to sodium bicarbonate on a 100 MW boiler. Trona or sodium bicarbonate was injected upstream of a hot-side ESP. The flue gas temperature at the injection point was around 600 oF. For 80% of SO2 removal, the normalized stoichemetric ratio (NSR) with trona was 2.5. With milled sodium bicarbonate, the required NSR for the same SO2 removal rate was decreased to 1.0. Over 97% of HCl was also removed. As a result, less sorbent was needed and significant savings in the sorbent was achieved. Furthermore, less fly ash was produced due to the sorbent change, and resulted in lower fly ash disposal cost. Same as trona, the sodium bicarbonate was able to keep the stack opacity below the limit since both sodium sorbents were able to lower the fly ash resistivity and thus enhance the ESP performance.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, SOLVAir Solutions, Sorbent Injection, Air Quality, USA
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Babcock & Wilcox, Electrostatic Precipitator, Air Quality, USA
The NID Dry Scrubber System is an advanced dry scrubber process that was developed by Alstom starting in the late 80's with commercial units in operation since 1996. The system allows for SO2 removal rates greater than 98% with the ability to operate with high Sulfur fuels that would be beyond the capabilities of traditional SDA dry scrubber systems. This presentation will provide on overview of the NID system, highlight recent developments in the technology, and introduce several NID reference units within the U.S. and Europe as well as a few new projects currently in execution.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Alstom, Absorber, Spray Dryer, Air Quality, USA
Over the past several years, a significant number of FGD systems have been placed in operation. At each site, absorber materials of construction have varied based on plant preferences and industry experience. A portion of absorber vessels were constructed of solids alloy material such as 6% moly stainless steel, alloy 255, alloy 2205, and 317 LMN. Other vessels were built out of carbon steel, lined with flakeglass or rubber. Also some FGD units were constructed of concrete that is lined with ceramic tile. This paper will examine several SESS installations that have utilized ceramic tile lined absorber vessels. The discussion will include design experience, general arrangement considerations, construction issues, and schedule limitations that must be considered with this absorber arrangement. In addition, internal inspection observation will be presented from several sites, including Dominion Chesterfield 6 , PPL Montour, PPL Brunner Island, and Constellation Brandon Shores.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens Environmental Systems & Services, FGD, Air Quality, USA
An air pollution control system was installed at Dominion Generation’s Chesterfiled Plant in April 2008. The air pollution control system includes limestone injection, fabric filter, and a single absorber module to control emissions from the Chesterfiled plant’s number 6 boiler unit. The unit burns medium to high sulfur eastern bituminous coal. For sites such as this, a dry electrostatic precipitator has typically been used to control particulate emission. Recently, however, fabric filters have been installed at several installations to control particulate emissions under these conditions. With this type of emission control arrangement, ash loadings to the FGD are generally much lower than a typical dry ESP / Wet FGD arrangement. The are several advantages of operating a Wet FGD system with low ash loadings. Under this operating scenario, equilibrium inert / ash concentrations of the scrubber will remain quite low (usually under wt 2%) and absorber solids concentrations is mostly gypsum. Low concentrations of ash minimizes the potentialal of Wet FGD chemistry issues, such as aluminum fluoride blinding. Chemical analysis of the absorber slurries that are equipped with Fabric Filters upstream indicates lower concentrations of some dissolved metals, such as Selenium that is an important regulatory species. The low ash content of the FGD also results in very low gypsum moistures values (5% - 8%) to while operating with a typical hydroclone, vacuum filter system. Additionally, equipment wear is lessened as highly abrasive ash particles are not present in high quantities. SESS will present photos of absorber equipment from the most recent outage (September) 2010 at Chesterfield 6.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens Energy, FGD, Fabric Filter, Air Quality, USA
Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) is being considered more frequently as a cost effective means of mitigating emissions of acid gases (SO2, SO3, HCl), heavy metals (Hg), and toxic organic compounds (dioxins and furans) from coal-fired boilers. A variety of dry sorbents are being considered, including sodium based compounds such as trona and sodium bicarbonate, calcium based compounds such as hydrated lime, and various activated carbons. Many existing power plants are equipped with electrostatic precipitators for controlling particulate emissions. Electrostatic precipitators can be very sensitive to operating conditions such as flow rate, temperature and to the quantity and chemistry of the particulate matter entering the ESP. Injection of sorbents upstream of an existing ESP changes both the quantity and the chemistry of the particulate entering the collector. This can change the performance of the ESP. When deciding whether to employ Dry Sorbent Injection, operators need to know what effect it will have on their existing equipment. Can they meet the required particulate emissions with existing equipment or will they need to upgrade their ESPs or even replace them with fabric filters? This paper will review several case studies wherein a variety of dry sorbents are injected upstream of an existing ESP. As will be discussed, the effects vary, depending on the design of the existing collector and on the amount and type of sorbent injected. The paper will also discuss mitigation options to enhance the performance of ESPs with dry sorbent injection.
Revision Date: 5/11/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Lodge Cottrell, Sorbent Injection, Electrostatic Precipitator, Air Quality, USA
Electric Utility Chemistry Workshop, June 7-9, 2011, Champaign, IL, Exhibitors
Now in its 31st year, this comprehensive program features state-of-the-art information on controlling corrosion, improving operation efficiency, and meeting environmental challenges in fossil- and nuclear-fueled power plants. This year’s program is geared toward improved training and continuing education of personnel responsible for electric utility cycle and environmental chemistry. More than 3,000 chemists, consultants, and power plant administrators have attended the workshop since its inception in 1981. The 2011 program has been developed by a committee of representatives from midwestern electric utilities, the Illinois State Water Survey, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and consultants serving the power industry. Some of the most popular features of the workshop are the Utility Experience presentations. Seasoned professionals from utility companies discuss their experiences on a range of topics. The entire workshop has been structured to encourage participation from attendees.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Nalco, Ovivo USA, Aquatech, Sentry Equipment, Fuel Tech, Wolcott Water Systems, Waltron, Evoqua Water Technologies, Swan Analytical Instruments, Thermo Scientific, Turner Designs Hydrocarbon Instruments, Sanosil, Lanxess Sybron Chemicals, Conco Systems, Industrial Analytics, Illinois Water Technologies, GE Water, Eco-Tec, Eka Chemicals, AVANTech, Graver Technologies, H2O Innovations, Baker Hughes, Hach, Buckman, Martek Instruments, Veolia Water, Power Generation, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
On-Line Water Chemistry Measurements for Power Plants Ravi Jethra, Fred Kohlmann, Bhupen Patel, Endress + Hauser Inc. At the center of every efficient power plant, there is a well run water treatment system. Correct water treatment is crucial to provide high purity water to pre heater, boiler, steam and condensate systems, as well as other systems using boiling-water reactors and pressurized water reactors. The quality of makeup and feed-water is required to be monitored continuously to detect chaining water quality parameters (WQP). These changes in WQP usually indicate maintenance, upsets, leaks, and carryover. The long term data review of WQP also helps to study the gradual trends for prevention of corrosion or scaling. In case of inadequate measuring systems, these conditions may result in increased or unscheduled maintenance, higher capital cost, lower efficiency of heat transfer surfaces, and less profits due to down time. As newer and better technologies increase the power plant efficiencies in other area, the allowable limits on water quality become increasing important. Therefore, the requirements of WQP measurements become more important. The paper discusses data from case histories on water quality. In addition, the authors discuss how WQP measurements can be utilized to implement savings in reagents in the treatment process. The information presented in this paper would be helpful to operations managers, maintenance staff, and process owners of water treatments associated with power and steam utilities.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Endress + Hauser, Monitoring, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221111 - Hydroelectric Power Generation 水力发电, Ameren Services, USA
Overview of Microbiological Control & Monitoring In Utility Cooling Systems K. Anthony Selby, Water Technology Consultants, Inc. Cooling water systems in electric utility plants face challenges related to corrosion, mineral scale deposition, microbiological fouling, and suspended solids accumulation. Of these challenges, microbiological control is a primary issue because it can impact the others. In addition to a direct impact on heat transfer, microbiological growth can influence corrosion, trigger mineral scale formation, and accelerate suspended solids accumulation. This overview will discuss the common methods of microbiological control in power plants as well as discussing some emerging technologies. It will also emphasize the importance of monitoring the effectiveness of microbiological control and discuss current monitoring methodology.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Water Technology Consultants, Monitoring, Cooling, USA
Emerging Environmental Regulations and Their Impacts on the Electric Utility Industry Steven C. Whitworth, Ameren Services There are numerous environmental regulations in place that impact the electric utility industry. In the last year, the USEPA has announced an almost unprecedented number of new initiatives as well as revisions to existing regulations. This presentation will provide an update on several regulations that will impact the electric utility industry including the Clean Water Act 316(b) provisions for cooling water intake structures, a proposal to revise the steam electric effluent guideline limitations, the proposed coal combustion residual (CCR) rule, the proposed Clean Air Transport rule and Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards for hazardous air pollutants for electric generating units and other power plant equipment including industrial boilers and reciprocating internal combustion engines. The presentation will provide information on potential impacts of the regulations on power plants and a discussion of potential compliance options with a focus on a power plant perspective.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Ameren Services, USA
Corrosion of Alloy 2205 in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems Rob Grabarczyk, We Energies Significant pitting was discovered in two newly commissioned wet flue gas desulfurization absorber vessels. The vessels are constructed of solid duplex alloy 2205 with both vessels accumulating less than six months of operation when the pitting was discovered. This presentation provides a description of the pitting and We Energies efforts to determine the cause and potential solutions to ensure reliable operation of the system.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, We Energies, Alloy Steel, Air Quality, USA
Environmental Issues Facing Utilities Today, The Environmental Avalanche Bert Valenkamph, Northern Indiana Public Service Company In my 32 years of environmental and chemical compliance I don't believe there has been this many environmental rules either being developed or taking effect at the same time with this much potential impact. I call it the environmental Avalanche. This paper will examine these rules and proposed regulations and their impact on our operations at Northern Indiana Public Service Company.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Northern Indiana Public Service, USA
Fundamentals of Cooling Tower Heat Transfer Brad Buecker, Kiewit Power Engineers Many power plants and other industrial facilities utilize open recirculating cooling systems equipped with cooling towers for heat transfer from condensers and auxiliary heat exchangers. Cooling towers commonly sit well away from the main plant, and it is often possible to forget about them until something goes awry. This talk outlines the fundamentals of heat transfer in a cooling tower and important issues for maximizing heat exchange.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kiewit Power Engineers, Cooling Tower, Cooling, USA
Climate Change: What Does the Science Tell Us? Chris Skates, Electric Energy Inc. Global Warming, Climate Change, or Excess Carbon Emissions, any of these three labels describe a subject area very prevalent and very controversial in the year 2011. Despite the controversy, this topic describes the single most critical issue to fossil fueled power generation of our generation. With an issue that is so emotionally charged and political, is it possible to peel away those layers and simply do what Chemists and Engineers do best; evaluate the data.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Electric Energy, USA
RO Pretreatment Optimization Using particle Monitor/Counter Technology Randy Turner, Southern Company This is an experience report illustrating how particle counter and particle monitor technology was successfully applied to improve RO pretreatment thereby reducing RO cleaning frequency.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Southern Company, Particle Monitor, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
Applying Proper Cycle Chemistry Programs to a newly constructed Coal Fired Supercritical Unit Rob Grabarczyk, We Energies This paper and discussion chronicles the experience of start up and commissioning a new 600 MW coal fired supercritical boiler. In starting up a new unit, many challenges are encountered that are not typically seen in units with a longer operating history. Insight is provided into the decisions to start the unit using AVT-R and progress to AVT-O and ultimately Oxygenated Treatment.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, We Energies, Treatment Chemical, Water Treatment, USA
Do Neutralizing Amines Have a Role in the Treatment of High Purity Boiler Feedwater? James (Jim) Robinson, Luis Carvalho, Robin Kluck, Richard Krichten, GE Power & Water – Water & Process Technologies Neutralizing amines have been widely used to treat high purity boiler feedwater since at least the 1940s. Notable benefits have been derived, however some consider the use of these amines to be risky. In addition the use of organic chemicals for boiler feedwater treatment often causes steam and condensate cation conductivity levels to exceed current power industry and steam turbine vendor guidelines. The benefits that can be derived and questions concerning the use of neutralizing amines are presented to help plant operators assess the potential value of using them in their systems.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE Water, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
Using in-situ Feedwater ORP Control to Improve Boiler System Operation Daniel Cicero, Nalco Company This paper discusses the value controlling reductant feed based on in-situ feedwater ORP measurements. Two case studies will be presented: a large, coal-fired unit in the western US that achieved a 75% reduction in start-up time and an intermittently-operating combined-cycle gas turbine plant that reduced corrosion product transfer.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Nalco, Monitoring, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
Comparison of Dissolved Oxygen Measurement Technologies Kenneth Kuruc, Hach Company Dissolved oxygen measurement in the steam cycle remains a key parameter for the monitoring and control of corrosion. A variety of methods, including colorimetric and electrochemical (galvanic and polarographic), continue to be employed as either field test, portable or process platforms. However, most methods to this point have required a fair amount of attention and expense in order to maintain proper operation. In this paper we will discuss the traditional methods along with a relatively new technology known as “optical” or “luminescence”. The significance and potential advantages of this new technology for the power industry will then be considered.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Hach, Optical Dissolved Oxygen Monitor, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
A New Approach to On-line Sodium Measurement David Gray, Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc. Sodium has been a critical measurement parameter for ensuring water treatment performance and purity for nearly four decades. Monitoring cation exchange performance and the purity of makeup water, steam and condensate has benefitted from measurement of this key parameter. Many refinements have been made to the ion-selective electrode method for on-line sodium measurement for these applications. Described here are yet further improvements to this technology including an unique integrated electrode system that measures both sodium and pH to assure proper reagent delivery. The system design minimizes reagent consumption and reduces maintenance requirements well below current practice. The new sodium system uses a particularly simple automatic calibration method and also provides the ability to measure grab samples easily. Its implementation with an operator interface common to other parameters including conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and ORP makes it especially convenient for installation and operator training.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Monitoring, Water Treatment, Steam Cycle, USA
Outsourced Water Treatment Provides Higher Purity for Nuclear Power Plant Michael Reyes, Crown Solutions Crown Solutions Co., LLC, a Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies company was contacted by a Nuclear Power Plant to develop a competitive solution to design, build, install, operate, and maintain a new 400 gallon per minute (GPM) ultra high purity demineralized water plant to replace their internally operated, 20+ year old, demineralized water plant. As part of upgrade and replacement, the client required higher quality demineralized water from their lake water source, specifically parts per trillion (ppt) concentration levels of metals, low total organic carbon, and low dissolved oxygen levels. The client also required specialized contingency for mobile water to backup the redundant installed system. This paper will examine and describe the design selection criteria, startup performance data, and special considerations necessary for the successful implementation of the process.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , Crown Solutions, Water Treatment, Steam Cycle, USA
RO Membrane Pretreatment Ken Robinson, Avista Technologies Pretreatment continues to be a subject that turns up on a daily basis when dealing with RO (Reverse Osmosis) process. Even though pretreatment requirements are well established for RO, the power utility market as a whole tends to see more of these issues as compared to other industries. Part of the reason for this trend is that feed water supplies tend to originate from surface sources while other factors tend to be more directed at equipment and design specifications. This presentation will focus on a number of pretreatment strategies that various power utilities have dealt with over the course of the last couple of years. RO system cases involving softening, coagulation, ultrafiltration, and media filtration will be covered along with RO process issues such as scaling, filtration, and biogrowth. In each of these cases, solutions will be presented on how to best mitigate the problems and show how analytical techniques can be used to fine tune and minimize the impact of the problems.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Avista Technologies, Treatment Chemical, Water Treatment, Steam Cycle, USA
Power Industry Experience Using Micro Media Filtration and Short Bed Ion Exchange Geoff Hong, Eco-Tec Inc. With the demand for higher efficiencies and lower maintenance and operating costs for boilers and turbines, high purity water treatment systems are becoming more crucial to the operation of power plants. Modern power plants, operating at supercritical and ultra supercritical boiler pressures and temperatures, require such high purity water that it is approaching theoretical levels. High efficiency gas-fired combustion turbines, which use high purity water for NOx control and sprint mode, heat recovery steam generators and once through steam generators also require high purity water for the same reasons. Effective pre-treatment for reverse osmosis (RO) and ion exchange (IX) demineralizer systems not only contributes to the production of high purity water, but also helps to reduce the operating and maintenance costs of those systems. The versatility and efficiency of short bed ion exchange systems produce high purity water from feeds of variable characteristics, with lower chemicals consumption and waste volumes. This paper discusses the use of micro media filtration as a pre-treatment for RO or IX systems and the use of short bed IX systems for the production of high purity boiler feed make up water and condensate polishing. The experiences of several installations are outlined for applications in power generation and cogeneration plants.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Eco-Tec, Ion Exchange, Filter Media, Steam Cycle, Water Treatment, USA
Development and Application of Phosphorus Free Cooling Water Treatment Technology Raymond M. Post, Helen R. Cerra, and Richard H. Tribble, ChemTreat, Inc. Organic and inorganic phosphates are key components in cooling water treatment technology. According to the USEPA, nutrient pollution from phosphorus (and nitrogen) is one of the top three causes of impairment of US waters. At least 25 states have enacted some numeric criteria for nutrient discharge. This paper briefly discusses the status of emerging phosphorus discharge regulations and reports on the development of completely phosphorus-free cooling water treatment programs.
Revision Date: 4/14/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, ChemTreat, Treatment Chemical, Cooling, USA
Electric Power Conference, Chicago, Illinois, May 10-12, 2011 / Exhibitors
A number of air pollution system and coal fired boiler component suppliers, as well as some water oriented companies, will be exhibiting.
Revision Date: 3/9/2011
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, NeuCo, Metso, NWL Transformers, Nalco Mobotec, Milton Roy, Layne Christensen, KSB, Oak Park Chimney, KE Burgmann, Siemens Energy, Johnson Matthey, Horn Industrial Services, Kiewit Power Engineers, Paragon Airheater Technologies, Pennsylvania Crusher, Praxair, Roberts & Schaefer, CoaLogix, SOLVAir Solutions, SPX Flow Technology, Zachry, Veolia ES / Special Services, Swan Analytical Instruments, Hitachi Power Systems America, Hadek, Curtiss-Wright, International Chimney, Ovivo USA, Whiting Corporation, Vector Construction, Pentair Flow Technologies, Titan Fabrication, Sulzer Turbo Services, Pullman Energy Services, Nickel Systems, National Steel Erection, Air - Cure, Masaba Mining Equipment, National Steel City, Heyl & Patterson, FMC Corporation, East Jordan Iron Works, Degremont Technologies, Day & Zimmermann, Cambria Contracting, Burns & McDonnell, BRUKS Rockwood, Babcock & Wilcox, Grindex Pumps, Clyde Bergemann, Allied Environmental Solutions, Fujikin, Fuel Tech, FLSmidth, Everlasting Valve, Endress + Hauser, Eaton, DustMASTER Enviro Systems, Dustex, Donaldson, Graycor, Infilco Degremont, GE Energy, Chemco Systems, Calgon Carbon, Blome International, Barnhart Crane & Rigging, Apollo Valves, Atlas Copco, USA