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MATS Mercury and HCl Control Requires More Power to the ESP and Careful Consideration of ESP Design Details

This paper discusses three projects in which low ripple three-phase power supplies (TPPS) were used as part of the solution in reducing the ESP PM emissions. TPPS have been used on coalfired boiler ESPs in Europe for many years, and in the past three years, Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) has more than 800 installations in China on cement kiln ESPs. Previous to this writing, there had been no installations of the TPPS in the United States (U.S.). 1. The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Barberton, Ohio, 2. Dynegy Wood River Generating Station, Alton, Illinois, 3. Duke Energy, Crystal River Generating Station, Crystal River, Florida. John A. Knapik, 1, Jia (Erick) Ma, 1, Steve Burgund, 2, Morgan Beveridge, 3, Steve Marchigiano, 3, and Michael Williams, 3;

Revision Date:  7/16/2019

Tags:  Babcock & Wilcox, Dynegy, Duke Energy, Europe, China


China developing new flyash uses as building industry slows

China’s coal-fired power plants produce about 600 million tons fly ash annually, which has caused severe economic and environmental problems. This paper first describes briefly the production and utilization status of coal fly ash in China. Then it analyzes the main challenges to the fly ash utilization in China due to the conflict between the huge amount of production of fly ash and the depressed consumption of fly ash, as well as the increasing driving forces in environmental protection. Subsequently, the new developments of fly ash utilization in China, including valuable elements extraction, geopolymer production, fly ash-based ceramics synthesis and soil desertification control are introduced in detail. CFA can mix with cement, gypsum and clay, etc. to produce autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. Because no high temperature is required. This technique reduces air pollution and decreases energy consumption, so the above utilization ways are very popular in China.

Revision Date:  6/27/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Flyash, Production, Utilization, Environmental Protection, China


High quality clinker created with Chinese fly ash

This article summarizes the use of two fly ashes in the synthesis of Portland/calcium sulfoaluminate (OPC/CSA or A/CSA) clinkers.

Revision Date:  6/26/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Flyash, Synthesis, China


Shenhua using Sulzer boiler feed pumps

Based on the successful operation of Shenhua Wanzhou 2x1,000 MW single reheat power plant; Shenhua chose Sulzer for The Beihai double reheat ultra-supercritical power plant operates with steam temperature between 700 and 760°C and pressure up to 350 bar. A complete pump set including a main pump and a booster pump was delivered. The main pump is the largest size of Sulzer HPT pump. State of-art technology was implemented to meet the high operation duties, especially for the design of pressure boundary and double Interstage Take Off (ITO).

Revision Date:  6/18/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Shenhua Group, Sulzer Pumps, Pumps, China


HORA Control Valves are found in Severe Service Applications in many Power Plants

HORA Power Technology products can be found wherever fossil-fuel based power plants are required.

Revision Date:  6/11/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 325110 - Petrochemical Manufacturing 石化产品生产, Hora, Control Valve, Power, Coal-fired, China, Germany, India


Improving heat recovery in China

Power generation in China depends highly on coal-fired power plants, which contribute around 70% of the total installed power capacity (1.25 billion kW at the end of 2013) and approximately 78% of the total electricity generation (5.25 trillion kWh).

Revision Date:  4/30/2019

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Heat Recovery, China


RCEP Will Be the Biggest Power Plant Pump Market

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which has been renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), is currently involved in a free trade deal known as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The partnership involves ten members of ASEAN and its six dialogue partners. If the deal succeeds, RCEP will become the world’s largest trading bloc, accounting for 3.4 billion people with a total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $49.5 trillion. It has been forecasted that the coal fired power will remain the largest purchasing segment in the world power industry over the next five years. It is not surprising, therefore, that most of the pump purchases in RCEP power plants will be for the coal fired generation. China has installed over 900,000 MW of FGD systems. Other countries in RCEP are projected to require another 400,000 MW of new and retrofit systems, which will ultimately drive the pump business further.

Revision Date:  12/19/2018

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Pump, Pump Engineer, China


Fuel Tech has large SNCR systems in China

Fuel Tech has units in Asia which are large e.g 4 x 680 MW and are achieving up to 78% NOx removal with a combination of SNCR and combustion modifications. These additional power points supplement the information provided by Dale Pfaf in sessions 1 & 2. AES Greenridge is 115 MW T -Fired and achieves 60% NOx reduction with combustion modifications, SNCR and ASCR

Revision Date:  8/1/2016

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Fuel Tech, NOx, SNCR, Emissions Control, NOx Emissions Reduction, China


CNTIC is major importer and exporter of flow control and treatment equipment

China National Technical Import and Export Corporation is a major Chinese importer and exporter of complete plants for power generation, chemical manufacturing, metals, building materials and water and wastewater treatment. Export is primarily to Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Revision Date:  11/13/2015

Tags:  Company Directory, China


Chinese standard for CEMS systems details technology requirements and procedures

HJ/T76-2007 is a standard that outlines technology requirements and test methods for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems for stack exhaust gas from stationary sources

Revision Date:  8/3/2015

Tags:  Continuous Emissions Monitor, Regulation, China


Power Generation Overview by Keith Collins, Gardner Denver Nash Machinery - Hot Topic Hour January 22, 2015

Keith provided some specifics on blower designs.

Revision Date:  1/22/2015

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Gardner Denver Nash Machinery, Blower, Agitators, China


Hybrid DeNOx by George Grgich, LP Amina - Hot Topic Hour November 6, 2014

George discussed cost effective NOx reduction solutions for small and medium sized boilers.

Revision Date:  11/6/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, LP Amina, SNCR, SCR, Burner, China


Coal-fired Power Plant NOx Reduction Innovations Webinar - Hot Topic Hour November 6, 2014

Work by EPRI and Reaction Engineering in the U.S., Steag in Europe and LP Amina in China underlined the international nature of research and progress in NOx control. All three presenters talked about ways to combine NOx control technologies in the furnace and the back end of the system in order to maximize cost effectiveness of NOx control.

Revision Date:  11/6/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, LP Amina, STEAG Energy Services, Reaction Engineering International, SCR, SNCR, Catalyst Maintenance, Burner, China, Germany


MHI and Sheyang Pump have had joint agreement since 2006 for the Chinese boiler feedwater pump market

MHI and Shenyang Pump Co., Ltd. (SPC) have agreed to establish a joint venture company (JV) in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China to conduct sales and engineering relating to pumps. The agreement was signed on March 23, 2006, in Shenyang. With establishment of the JV, MHI aims to make a full-scale entrance into the Chinese pump market, where demand for pumps of all kinds is expected to increase vigorously.

Revision Date:  8/19/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sheyang Pump, Boiler Feedwater Pump, Flow Control, Boiler Feedwater Treatment, China


MHI supplies ring section boiler feedwater pumps for combined cycle operation

MHI supplies a variety of pumps for combined cycle and coal fired power plants. Several boiler feedwater designs are available depending on pressures and other parameters. The ring section type is used in combined cycle.

Revision Date:  8/19/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Boiler Feedwater Pump, Flow Control, Boiler Feedwater Treatment, China


Chinese FGD / SCR Market Shares

In order to better serve the power industry and environmental protection industry, China electricity council (hereinafter referred to as CEC) has continuously carried out the registration for the environmental protection industry for coal-fired power plants for eight years. Registration always adheres to an open, fair, just and corporate voluntary principle. Regarding published information flue gas denitrification franchise and denitration catalyst capacity, etc. were newly increased in 2012. The relevant information is as follows…

Revision Date:  7/25/2014

Tags:  McIlvaine, SCR, FGD, Market Share, China


The Latest Developments in Air Pollution Technology----Mercury Issues 大气污染控制技术最新进展----汞污染控制

SO2 Removal Issues (脱硫问题) Problems with mercury in the gypsum could lead to further use of the natural oxidation lime systems with conversion of the sludge to a fixed product for landfill or use. 汞的石膏可能影响自然氧化石灰系统,该系统产生的污泥难以转化 为固体物用于填埋或者做其它用途。 There is now a commercial opportunity to use high purity gypsum to replace precipitated calcium carbonate for coating of magazine paper. 现在有一个商业机会。利用高品位的脱硫石膏来代替碳酸钙沉淀物,用于 制作杂志石膏用纸。  家工信部【2011】73号文件(2011.02.21发布)《关于工业副产石膏综 合利用的指导意见》,明确提出,到2015年,磷石膏的综合利用率由2009年的 20%提高到40%,脱硫石膏综合利用率由2009年的56%提高到80%。 SO2 Removal Issues (脱硫问题) There will be increasing opportunities to supply acid gas byproducts including ammonium sulfate, dilute sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. 烟气脱硫行业将会有越来越多的机会,提供包括硫酸铵,稀 释硫酸,盐酸等酸性气体副产品。

Revision Date:  7/23/2014

Tags:  McIlvaine, Mercury, Air Pollution Control, SO2, China


Discussion on FGD Chimney Anticorrosion Rebuilding Without GGH in Jiahua Power Plant (浅谈烟气脱硫烟囱防腐改造无GGH在嘉华电)

In China gas to gas heat exchangers have been employed. They have caused corrosion problems which are avoided by eliminating the GGH as at Jiahua Power Plant.

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  FGD, Corrosion, China


China is limiting new boiler SO2 to 100 ppm and existing to 200 ppm

China is the largest operator of FGD systems. New regulations tighten the emission limits and will force upgrades at existing plants.

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  FGD, Regulation, China


2012 FGD and SCR Supplier Totals in China

This tabulation in Chinese has the MW of FGD and SCR orders for each of the major suppliers for the year 2012 as well as historical totals through 2012.

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  FGD, SCR, Coating, Market, China


Coatings for FGD in China and Elsewhere

This compilation includes details on offerings by Ashland, Ceilcote, Dalian, Duromar Hadek, Hempel, ITW, and others. It also covers case histories of coating experience in both the U.S. and China. It provides summaries of McIlvaine hot topic discussions of materials and corrosion. There are also abstracts of papers in Chinese.

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  Lining, Stainless Steel, Coating, China


FGD Coating Diagram / 1000 MW Plant

This diagram shows the location and cost of coating for major FGD sub systems in a a 1000 MW Chinese power plant. The estimates were prepared by Mcilvaine

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  Coating, Lining, Corrosion, Cost, China


Pure Polyurea / Coating of Choice for China's Power Industry

This article explains the advantages of Polyurea for FGd coatings

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  Nukote, Coating, Lining, Corrosion, Cost, China


FGD Coatings Supplier Analysis in Chinese烟囱防腐材料公司

Experience of a Chinese coatings manufactuer. The article is in Chinese.

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  Lining, Coating, Corrosion, Cost, China


FGD Coatings Analysis in Chinese

FGD Coatings Analysis in Chinese

Revision Date:  7/21/2014

Tags:  FGD, Coating, Regulation, China


Chinese Coal-to-Liquids and Gas Program Could Completely Change the World Energy Markets

China will increase LNG imports. Some predict imports of 110 billion cubic meters per year (BCM) by 2020. However, the cost of LNG is presently $16/MMBtu. This is an expensive fuel source when China has domestic options including coal-to-gas, underground coal gasification, and coal bed methane. China is therefore changing focus and is pursuing these alternatives. The biggest program includes building plants in the western and northern coal fields which will convert coal to gas. This gas will be piped across country and provide clean burning fuel for major eastern cities. It is the avowed solution to the smog problem. The reason for a huge coal-to-gas program is the low cost of the product from a reliable domestic source. Here are the cost components: …

Revision Date:  7/2/2014

Tags:  McIlvaine, Market, Coal-Conversion, Coal to Gas, China


Sulzer Signs JV Agreement with China Huadian Corp for the Service of Gas Turbines

On March 7, Sulzer signed an agreement to form a joint venture with China Huadian Corporation for the service of gas turbines including field service, component repair, and delivery of new capital parts. The new joint venture will operate under the name of Hua Rui (Jiangsu) Gas Turbine Services Co., Ltd. For Sulzer, this is a unique opportunity to become a major player for rotating equipment service in China's power market.

Revision Date:  6/5/2014

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Hua Rui Gas Turbine Services, Sulzer Ltd., Gas Turbine, Service & Repair, China


China Can Remove Mercury at Low Cost Thanks to U.S. Developments 中国能以低成本除汞得益于美国的技术发展

In order to meet tough regulations in the U.S. technology developers have made great strides in creating low cost routes to achieve mercury removal from power plant exhausts. The cost is especially low if the plant already has a scrubber. China is installing scrubbers on nearly all its plants. As a result China can remove mercury with just a few percent increase in its air pollution control investment and operating cost. There have been some very significant recent breakthroughs which need to be communicated to the Chinese policy makers. To this end Mcilvaine conducted a webinar in Mandarin Chinese with two FGD experts . A presentation on removal technology was made by Bobby Chen of CBI Shaw. Questions and discussion was provided by Shiaw Tseng of Graymont. This presentation in Mandarin is available as a recording in the Mcilvaine Global Decisions Orchard and on Youtube.

Revision Date:  8/19/2013

Tags:  221118 - Other Electric Power , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Graymont, CB&I, McIlvaine, Liquid Bromine Injection, FGD, Air Quality, Mercury, FGD, China


Yokogawa Supplies Integrated Control System for Power Plant at Chinese Petrochemical Complex

The Dushanzi Refinery & Petrochemical Complex in northwestern China processes crude oil and produces ethylene. The utility plant for the complex provides steam, electricity and water. Power is generated by five coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, four of which operate at a time. Yokogawa Electric Co. supplied the integrated control system to manage boiler efficiency, coal consumption, rate of electricity generation and other parameters.

Revision Date:  1/8/2013

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, PetroChina, Yokogawa Electric, Integrated Control System, CFB Boiler, China


Amiad supplies automatic back wash filters for power plant cooling using river water

Project name: New Power Station Country: China Application: Cooling water Flow rate: Various Filtration degree: 300 micron Water source: River water Filtration solution: 40 X 6" Brushaway filters Semi automatic filtration solution for a cooling water system in a power plant.

Revision Date:  12/2/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Amiad, Automatic Backwash Filter, Cooling Water, Water Treatment, China


Current and Future Trends in Water and Wastewater Treatment at Power Plants

This is an excellent report prepared by the UK's Department of Trade and Industry providing an assessment of the current state of development and application of water treatment technologies relating to utility and industrial scale fossil fuel-based power generation. Future areas of development are highlighted as well as the current state of the market and its future prospects. The power generation industry is predicted to remain a very significant industrial market for water treatment equipment and associated products. Increases in future global electricity demand are expected to be met primarily through large- scale fossil fuel-based power plants. Coal is projected to retain the largest share of power generation, but with natural gas-fired plants expected to become increasingly important. The main future markets for new fossil power plant are seen as China and India. China represents the largest single market in the world for new power plant equipment currently due to substantial long-term demand for increases in power supply. Coal is the main source of fuel for power generation in China and natural reserves are extensive. The use of coal is expected to grow substantially up to 2030, with the installation of new large-scale boiler plants. China is pursuing Clean Coal Technologies as a means of meeting future energy requirements, with supercritical boilers and Integrated Gasification Technology being attractive options. The power sector in India is dominated by coal and use is projected to increase threefold from 2000 to 2030. Ultraviolet technology along with ozone is sited as an emerging and novel treatment technology. There has been an increase in the use of UV technology as it eliminates the problems associated with the addition of chemicals with respect to factors such as disinfection by-product formation, safety factors in handling and storage, and economic factors. The use of UV radiation in conjunction with ozone or hydrogen peroxide can further enhance the efficacy of the overall disinfection process. Worldwide, with increasing limitations on clean water supplies and increasingly stringent environmental legislation, it is expected there will be a greater need to treat alternative low- quality water supplies. The successful application of these advanced technologies for treating such waters will be ever more important for future fossil fuel power generation.

Revision Date:  11/14/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Ultraviolet Disinfection, Ozone Oxidation, Wastewater, Market, Water Treatment, China, India, UK


Zero Liquid Discharge, Membrane Hybrid Excels in China

This article discusses zero liquid discharge systems which include stand-alone thermal/evaporative processes, membrane processes or a combination/hybrid of the two. The hybrid process includes an ion exchanger, deaerator, reverse osmosis filters and an evaporator/brine concentrator.

Revision Date:  11/10/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Ion Exchange, Reverse Osmosis, Evaporator, Wastewater Treatment, Zero Liquid Discharge, Waterworld, China


Desalination linked with 4000 MW coal fired Beijing power plant in Tianjin

A 4000 MW coal fired complex in Tianjin is using the waste heat from the plant to desalinate seawater. So far the cost is higher than the tarrif for surface water use in the area. But the potential is significant. Yellow color in the water was an initial problem but the cost is the main challenge. The yellow color is a problem with the distribution piping not the system.

Revision Date:  10/27/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xylem, Tianjin Beijing Power Plant, Desalination, China


Case Study: YuHuan Power Station / SWRO Desalination Project

 

Revision Date:  10/27/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221310 - Water Supply & Irrigation Systems , Xylem, GE, Befesa, Doosan Hydro Technology, Acciona Aqua, YuHuan Power, Energy Recovery, Reverse Osmosis, Pressure Exchanger, Market, Power Generation, Desalination, Energy Recovery, China


China Takes a Loss to Get Ahead in the Business of Fresh Water

TIANJIN, China — Towering over the Bohai Sea shoreline on this city’s outskirts, the Beijiang Power and Desalination Plant is a 26-billion-renminbi technical marvel: an ultrahigh-temperature, coal-fired generator with state-of-the-art pollution controls, mated to advanced Israeli equipment that uses its leftover heat to distill seawater into fresh water.

Revision Date:  10/27/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221310 - Water Supply & Irrigation Systems , Xylem, SDIC, Infrastructure Economics, Hyflux, Toray Industries, Befesa, Brack, ERI, Aqualyng, Membrane, Power Generation, Desalination, Energy Recovery, New York Times, China


Eleven Water Quality Parameters Measured in Three Gorges Project in 57 Tributaries

For the Three Gorges project, 11 parameters were measured prior to and after construction of the dam. They were measured at 128 sites along the river and in 57 tributaries. Dissolved oxygen COD and BOD were among the three.

Revision Date:  9/19/2011

Tags:  221111 - Hydroelectric Power Generation 水力发电, Analyzer, Continuous, Oxygen, COD, BOD, Water Monitoring, China


Electrodeionization: an InterWebView™ with Michael Snow, President of Snowpure

Snowpure is a supplier of electrodeionization modules which are used in 42 countries to purify water used by pharmaceutical and secomiconductor manufacturers as well as by operators of boilers who need ultrapure water for steam production. Presently, the largest single market for the modules is China. Electrodeionization has many advantages over ion exchange including the elimination of acids needed for periodic cleaning. The modules manufactured by Snowpure have unique features and are produced with rigid quality control. As a result, the life of the modules is longer than with some other designs. Snowpure sells exclusively to system suppliers and supports them with extensive training courses and other assistance.

Revision Date:  8/19/2011

Tags:  325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 334413 - Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing , SnowPure, Ion Exchange, Electrodeionization, Air Quality, Water for Injection, Ultrapure Water, Boiler Feedwater, China, India


Jinzhushan 3, the World's First PC-Fired Low Mass Flux Vertical Tube Supercritical Boiler by B&W Operating Successfully

June 2009 marked the initial coal-fired operation of the world's first supercritical pulverized coal-fired low mass flux vertical tube Benson boiler. Jinzhushan 3, located in Hunan Province in the People's Republic of China, is a 600 MW B&W PGG VTUP™ once-through boiler with vertical tube furnace construction designed to burn Chinese anthracite using downshot pulverized coal technology. The boiler was supplied by Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Company, Ltd. (BWBC) under license from B&W PGG. This paper reviews the development history of supercritical, once-through steam generator technology and product advancements. Downshot pulverized coal combustion technology is used to efficiently utilize low volatile anthracite coal that is difficult to burn conventionally. The unique design features of the downshot combustion system are reviewed as well as the adaptation of this technology to the VTUP design. Both the SWUP and VTUP boiler designs can be supplied to meet the market requirements of today’s supercritical pulverized coal applications. The SWUP boiler represents a well-proven solution that provides consistent heat dis¬tribution to all tubes flowing through the furnace circuits making it insensitive to the natural variations that occur in furnace heat flux patterns that result from variations in fuel characteristics and types burned, boiler cleanliness conditions, air staging for combustion NOx control, and changes in pulverizer operating conditions. The VTUP boiler offers a solution that takes advantage of the benefits of natural circulation where tubes exposed to surges in heat flux will draw more flow to cool the tube instead of reducing flow due to higher resistance. The successful operation of Jinzhushan 3 demonstrates that this process works as expected and offers an alternative that has advantages of simpler construction, a less complicated wall support system, and lower furnace pressure drop contributing to more efficient net plant electric generation. Both the SWUP and VTUP furnace designs represent good alternative technologies for supercritical boiler applications that can be used to meet the needs of the modern power plant. The full paper can be downloaded from the B &W site as BR#1849 Successful Operation of Jinzhushan 3, the World's First PC-Fired Low Mass Flux Vertical Tube Supercritical Boiler

Revision Date:  6/1/2011

Tags:  221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Anthracite, Vertical Tube Boiler, Ultrasupercritical, Air Staging, China


Status of Coal-to-Liquids Project Technology by Theo Lee, Headwaters - Hot Topic Hour November 4, 2010

Dr. Theo Lee, Ph.D., Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Headwaters CTL, LLC, described an advanced 20,000 BPD coal-to-ultraclean liquid fuels plant that has recently been commissioned in Inner Mongolia, China. Operating since early 2009, the plant is based on Headwaters' direct coal liquefaction and Axens' synthetic fuel hydrocracker. All the process parameters have been achieved. There are some equipment issues such as the coal feed through lock hoppers instead of let down valves. Although direct coal liquefaction posts a high stringent coal requirement (prefers to use a lower coal), it is more thermally energy efficient (low carbon footprint) and requires less investment than indirect coal liquefaction. Direct liquefaction is most suitable for gasoline but can be economically tailored for production of other fuels. Indirect liquefaction allows economic production of chemicals.

Revision Date:  11/4/2010

Tags:  211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Headwaters, Liquefaction System, China


Webinar Status of Carbon-to-Liquid Project Technology Webinar - Hot Topic Hour November 4, 2010

The Hot Topic Hour on November 4 covered the latest developments on conversion of coal and biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals. Both the indirect and direct liquefaction processes were discussed. Password: hth514

Revision Date:  11/4/2010

Tags:  211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Headwaters, CoalStar, Southern Research Institute, Liquefaction System, Cost, China