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Bacterial Contamination of Turbine and Circulating Lube Oil Systems
Bacterial contamination of large circulating oil systems in steam turbines is an expensive problem. This paper describes the problem and lists the types of lubricants and conditions that appear to be most susceptible, methods of treatment and known methods to clean up and prevent bacterial contamination.
Revision Date: 11/23/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, BHE Environmental, Inc., Lubrication
Pacific Corp Naughton reduces pulverizer maintenance with new lubrication system
At the Naughton plant of Pacific Corp an advanced filtration technology for the coal pulverizer was determined to be readily available for heavy gear oil that would meet solve the maintenance problems. An off-line kidney loop filtration package using a high-efficiency, high-dirt-holding capacity, synthetic filter media was procured and installed. The package uses two filter housings mounted in series, with a common-sized element in both housings. The filter elements initially recommended for the trial installation were rated at Beta 25=200 in the first stage and Beta10=200 in the second stage. Oil flow was delivered by a vane pump rated at 10 gallons per minute for a 460 centistoke (cSt) (2,500 SUS) gear oil. Temperature ranges of the system fluid varied from a low of 65 degrees Fahrenheit (18 degrees Celsius) when idle, up to 130°F (54°C) during normal operation. The filtration package is installed with the suction line coming into the filter bank directly from the bottom of the reservoir; the outlet, or filtered discharge line, is piped directly into the top of the reservoir. The filter element condition is monitored by differential pressure gauges installed on each filter housing with a target of 25 to 28 psig as an indicator of element loading; the elements were changed out prior to allowing the internal bypass valve to begin opening. Other features of the filtration package include upstream and downstream sampling valves to allow gear oil samples to be taken without having to shut down the system.
Revision Date: 11/2/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Vanes, Pump, Cartridge, Pulverizer, Lubrication
Jim Bridger will require new pond liner
The PacifiCorp Jim Bridger Power Plant is a coal-fueled steam-electric operation with four operating units having a total generating capacity of 2.12 GW, and is located approximately nine miles northeast of Point of Rocks, Wyoming. . FGD Pond 2 is a zero discharge facility and generally evaporates water at the same rate it is disposed of in this pond. It does not have a spillway, or outlet structure. The inlet structure consists of two, 10-inch diameter HDPE pipelines which can discharge at various points along the southern side of the pond. Seepage from the current FGD Pond 2 has created a groundwater plume beneath the general area of the disposal ponds (FGD Ponds 1 and 2). This plume is presently controlled by a series of groundwater pump back wells which discharge the pumped water back into FGD Pond 2. The FGD Pond 2 does not meet the requirements of §257.71 – Liner design criteria for existing CCR surface impoundments, due to absence of an installed geomembrane liner and compacted clay soil liner. The Rule states that existing CCR surface impoundments are considered unlined if “the owner or operator of the CCR unit fails to document whether the CCR unit was constructed with a liner that meets the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), or (iii).”
Revision Date: 10/19/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, PacifiCorp, Pond Liner
Energy Saving at PacifiCorp Washington Plants
PacifiCorp Energy has seven generation facilities in their fleet that provide electricity to the State of Washington. These units vary from coal‐fired to natural gas to wind. The State of Washington has recently passed legislation requiring PacifiCorp to complete all cost effective energy efficiency measures in these generation facilities. The purpose of this 2011 report was to outline the systems investigated and detail the cost effective measures.
Revision Date: 9/26/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Variable Speed Drive, Fan
Plans for SCR in 2014 PacifiCorp Integrated Resource Plan
A number of PacifiCorp plants need to install SCR. The 2014 plan lists specific timetables. Litigation has changed some of these plans in the interim and we need to determine the latest status but this has the information in one place and is a valuable reference.
Revision Date: 9/26/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, SCR, Regulation
Wyodak installs full flow condensate filtration
This coal fired power plant used air cooled condensers which cause problems with the condensate. In 2011 PacifiCorp purchased Pall 20 micron filters for the full flow. The question posed at the time was whether it would be worth more efficient filters e.g. 10 micron or 6 micron. 5 years have now passed since this presentation at the 2011 ACC users group . What is the current status and experience?
Revision Date: 9/22/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Pall Corporation, Flow Control Equipment, Cartridge, Filtration
Energy Saving potential projects at PacifiCorp plants as of 2014
The following systems and equipment were generally found to hold a high potential for cost-effective energy savings improvements: • Compressed Air Controls and Dyer Upgrades/Controls – Huntington (~1,800MWh/yr), Hunter (~1,000MWh/yr) • Heat Trace Thermostatic Control – Huntington (~80MWh/yr), Naughton (~100MWh/yr), Dave Johnston (~120MWh/yr) • RO Water Treatment Systems – Naughton (~200MWh/yr), Dave Johnston (~190MWh/yr) . The following systems show potential but require further study: • ID Booster Fan – Huntington Unit 1 • Coal Conveyors – Huntington Plant • Condensate Pumps – Hunter Unit 3, Naughton, Lakeside, and Currant Creek Plants • Compressed Air System – Naughton Plant • PA Fans – Hunter Unit 3, Dave Johnston Plant • Boiler Water Feed Pumps – Dave Johnston Units 1 & 2 • Demineralization Water Pumps – Lakeside, Currant Creek Plants.
Revision Date: 9/21/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Pumps, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Reverse Osmosis
Chemicals used at PacificCorp Wyoming plants
This document is a tax ruling but describes the chemicals used at 4 coal fired power plants in Wyoming operated by PacifiCorp. These include boiler and water/wastewater treatment chemicals. Basic information is provided but unfortunately there are no details on suppliers or quantities.
Revision Date: 9/21/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Chemical
Huntington plant sued by Sierra Club over wastewater
Claims of contamination of streams due to coal fired plant wastewater have been submitted as part of lawsuit in early 2016.
Revision Date: 9/21/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Wastewater
Various technologies which would be optimally combined to provide the most cost effective NOx control system for four 350 MW boilers operated by PacifiCorp.
Revision Date: 9/9/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, PacifiCorp
PacifiCorp Webinar 5 on front end NOx reduction Webinar - Hot Topic Hour September 8, 2016
Review of options for NOx reduction including combustion modifications, reburn, SNCR, and optimization with review of previous presentations of Emerson, Doosan, Siemens and GE.
Revision Date: 9/8/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, PacifiCorp
PacifiCorp replaces string wound filters with Pall pleated media filter for ACC condensate
In 2011 the Wyodak plant of Pacific Corp replaced its air cooled condenser for a 365 MW coal fired boiler. It also upgraded to 20 micron filtration elements in a new full flow condensate filter. The higher efficiency filter has reduced iron deposition. More efficient 6 micron filter elements were also available but the additional cost seemed to outweigh the advantages.
Revision Date: 8/29/2016
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , PacifiCorp, Pall Corporation, Cartridge Filter, Cooling
Gasified sewage sludge as a reburn fuel
Gasified sewage sludge has been evaluated as a reburn fuel to reduce NOx in Polish coal fired power plants. New regulations in Poland relative to sewage sludge disposal combined with the large number of Polish coal fired plants encourage consideration of alternatives such as the gasification and use of sewage sludge as a reburn fuel. This paper presented at a 2013 water conference shows results of laboratory tests showing up to 40 % Nox removal. However, there is no claim that this reburn fuel would be more efficient than natural gas. The paper also references the use of gasified municipal solid waste and other biomass. The paper references successful gas reburn in European coal fired boilers including the system at Longannet. Successful reburn examples in MSW and other combustion facilities are also noted.
Revision Date: 7/18/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, NOx, Reburn
Fuel –lean gas reburn injects gas in specific locations for optimum Nox reduction results. Since FLGR does not require a physical change to the main combustion system, it requires a relatively low capital cost, typically less than $8/kW. FLGR is different from conventional gas reburning systems because gas is injected in a manner that optimizes the furnace’s stoichiometry on a very localized basis. The process avoids creating a fuel-rich zone and maintains overall fuel-lean conditions. Efficiency improvements of up to 30 % are possible.
Revision Date: 7/18/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Breen Energy Solutions, Natural Gas, NOx, Reburn
Doosan holistic in-furnace Nox control
Efficiencies of 80% can be achieved when reburn is added to SNCR and other combustion modification technologies. This article appearing in Power Engineering is more complete than the table and slides provided by Bin Xu in the July 19 webinar. SNCR removal efficiency is provided for a number of operating units. The table provides a good overview of the various combustion modification and SNCR combinations. Reburn offers slightly higher efficiencies than FGR in the various combinations.
Revision Date: 7/18/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Doosan, NOx, SNCR, Reburn
Combustion Optimization from Emerson
Measurement and control systems in the boiler can reduce Nox to as low as 0.1 lb/ mm btu. This presentation by Jeff Williams was made in the first Pacific Corp webinar. Jeff promised to show specific case histories in the second webinar. Advantages of SILO are 1. Knowledge gathering in on-line and off-line modes 2. Efficient adaptation mechanism inspired by operation of immune system 3. SILO II is able to adapt to different operating points and it is able to follow changes of the process characteristics. Thus the SILO performance is high in wide range of process operating points. 4 Extended run time of SILO system . The customer saves money on re-tuning the optimization software and has more flexibility in plant revisions. 5. No need for model creation process: 6. No identification experiments 7 No inefficient process operation. 8 No need to change the production schedule of the plant Feature : There are no off dispatch times needed for identification experiments.
Revision Date: 7/15/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Emerson Network Power, NOx, Optimization
Regional haze ruling for Pacific Corp
This July 5 2016 Federal register document partially approves and disapproves the original Utah plan. It rules that the BART alternative submitted in the Utah plan is not acceptable relative to NOx emissions at 4 units located at the Hunter and Huntington plants in Utah.
Revision Date: 7/15/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Yokogawa Corporation of America, TDL-IR, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Analyzer, NOx
Holistic Nox Control from Fuel Tech
SNCR, combustion modifications and in dust SCR provide economic Nox Control. (1) Combustion Modifications Low Nox Burners and Over Fire Air for Wall Fired Units and Combustion Modifications and Separated Over Fire Air for T-Fired Units (2) Additional Modifications and Combustion Tuning to Reduce Nox Further ( 3) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of Nox (SNCR) with In-Furnace Injectiion (4) Advanced Selective Catalytic Reduction --- Single Layer of Catalyst --- In-Duct Arrangement with Proper Flow and Ash Distribution . Combining Multiple Technologies Requires Technical “Know-How” and Commercial Experience which Fuel Tech can demonstrate.
Revision Date: 7/15/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Fuel Tech, SNCR, NOx, Optimization
Yokogawa instrumentation for efficient combustion control
Use of gas measurement with TDL improves combustion efficiency and lowers emissions. Tunable Diode laser spectroscopy ( TDLS) using infra red ( IR) technology can measure a number of gases including oxygen. This presentation from a 2015 industrial conference in Europe shows an example where the Yokogawa TDLS was used to reduce excess air from 3.5% to less than 1 %. Yokogawa and its competitor Zolo are supplying TLDS analyzers. In Pacific Corp session 1 the Yokogawa analyzer was mentioned. So this paper is being added to the intelligence system with the expectation that more specifically applicable information will be forthcoming.
Revision Date: 7/15/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Yokogawa Corporation of America, Analyzer, NOx, Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy, TDL-IR
2015 operating data for Pacific Corp, Hunter and Huntington plants.
The linked file includes boiler and emissions data which is relevant for decisions to be made by the corporation to meet the regional haze rules The data includes 5 boilers but only units 1 and 2 at each plant are under review for NOx upgrades. Note that the links to each subfile are displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Revision Date: 7/12/2016
Tags: Pacificorp, SNCR, SCR, NOx, Regulation, DeNOx Options, NOx Emissions Reduction, DeNOx, Overfire Air
BART cost effectiveness data for Hunter and Huntington plants
This data provides instructions on accessing PacifiCorp NOx control information in the Mcilvaine Utility Plans and Power Plant Air Quality Decisions systems. It also provides extracts from the July 5 EPA Approval/Disapproval of the regional haze program for PacifiCorp. Details on cost and emissions of the alternatives for 4 units are provided.
Revision Date: 7/12/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, NOx, SNCR, SCR, Regulation, DeNOx Options, NOx Emissions Reduction, Overfire Air