Water
March 9, 2009
Re: chlorine and concentrations
Charles makes some good comments relative to chlorine. We would like to hear opinions of others. Chlorine is regulated to as low as 0.01 to .3 ppm. Background is explained at
http://www.emersonprocess.com/RAIhome/documents/Liq_AppData_4950-10.pdf
American Electric Power discusses its use of chlorine in cooling towers and control of discharge at
http://www.aep.com/citizenship/crreport/GRI/EN21.aspx
February 13
re: chlorine and concentrations
I do not see the rationale behind the release of chlorine into the water.
It has a an extremely short life due to sunlight vs. what it's benefit can be in cleaning the water. Also alternative biocides that might be use on the other never break down when released in the water and do not go away they just accumulate?
Another factor that does not appear to be taken into to account is the impact on concentration vs. dilution. All these elements are already in our environment the real hazards occur when we concentrate as opposed to diluting them.
Charles F.
DeBusk, II
Project Manager EPA Consent Decree - Dominion Energy 5000 Dominion Blvd., Glen
Allen, VA 23060
Phone: 804-273-2127 Innsbrook
Cell Phone 804-921-2032
Fax: 804-273-3614 Innsbrook
Charles.DeBusk@dom.com
General
March 6, 2009
Universal environmental Burden Index can include emotional as well as pollutant factors.
We will be adding the emotional factors to our Universal Environmental Burden Index. Here are some of them
Environmental Burden Units
|
Burden description |
$/unit |
Burden unit |
|
CO2 -1 ton |
20 |
1 |
|
1 life lost |
7 million |
350,000 |
|
1 DALY year |
100,000 |
5000 |
|
1 DALY hour |
12 |
0.6 |
|
Common cold with .01 disability factor for 336 hours |
40 |
2 |
|
Cape Cod view less beautiful to individual beach house owner due to offshore wind turbine at 0.001 disability factor for 40 years |
4000 |
200 |
|
Island nation inhabitant displaced due to sea rise At 0.01 disability factor for 40 years |
40,000 |
2000 |
|
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EPA uses the $7 million for a life lost. If CO2 is valued at $20/ton and a ton is the basic burden unit then a life is worth 350,000 burden units. Since the individual has a projected life of 70 years, each year is worth 5000 units and each hour 0.6 burden units.
The United Nations uses the disability adjusted life years (DALY) to take into account both deaths and health effects. So a common cold is only 0.01 the burden of a life reduction for the same period. You can also reason that a beach owner viewing a small speck of wind turbines on the horizon is not going to be emotionally disabled equivalent to a common cold but maybe 1/10 as much. So over 40 years he would account for 200 burden units. If 20,000 people are similarly upset with the view then this would generate four million burden units or the equivalent of four million tons of CO2. You can then weigh the burden units reduced by the installation of those wind turbines over the 40 years compared to this negative 4 million units associated with the installation.
It is essential that these emotional factors be quantified. People who justify huge global warming reduction expenditures just on the possible inundation of a small island are unconsciously assigning a value to this burden which may be far higher than if they take this rational approach.