Internal Data Search by Text Descriptor
AAF’s primary focus is on gas turbine air intake, exhaust, ventilation and acoustic systems for the offshore industry.
Revision Date: 3/9/2020
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, AAF International, Air Filtration Systems, Bag Filter, Gas Turbine, Offshore, Solutions, Emissions Reduction, Operational Efficiency, Filtration, Global
New more efficient synthetic media for gas turbine inlet filters
Air filtration specialist Mann+Hummel launched compact filters Aircube Pro Power S and Nanoclass Cube Pro Power S for gas turbine air filtration that the company said are designed to deal with fine dust particle size for the first and ultra-fine dust for the second. Frank Spehl, Director of R&D at Mann+Hummel Vokes Air GmbH, Germany, explained that the new filter media is the answer to the challenges that operators of gas turbine plants face when they have to ensure that clean air is supplied to the engine. Whether gas turbines are operating in onshore or offshore locations, some challenges are common and include the fouling of the compressor blades, filter service life, system pressure drop, filter failure, and the corrosion by water and salt.
Revision Date: 10/29/2019
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Vokes Air, Mann+Hummel, Vokes Air, Gas Turbines, Air Filter, Compression Units, Offshore, Onshore, Testing, Efficiency, Filtration, Pressure
Emerson Actuator replacement solves turbine bypass problem
As often as four times a year during winter months, a power plant in Wisconsin would miss a scheduled start of its combined cycle power plant due to malfunctions of the turbine bypass valves. This article describes how the problems were solved by replacing the actuation components on those valves.
Revision Date: 10/17/2019
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Emerson Electric, Valve, USA
Veolia feedwater treatment package for South African GTCC plant
Veolia Water Technologies South Africa supplied a 10 m3/hour package plant to treat the boiler feed water at a natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant in Tanzania. The packaged water treatment plant will treat process water to the standards required by the power plant’s boilers. The company was contracted by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) responsible for the supply and installation of heat recovery boilers, steam turbines and other associated equipment. “Correctly treating the water cycle within the boiler system is critical to ensure the boilers provide optimum performance over their service life in order to increase plant efficiency,” explained Kgomotso Khomo, Project Engineer, Veolia Water Technologies South Africa. “Improper treatment of boiler feed water can result in overheating, failure to produce hot water or steam, a drop in the boiler flow rate, an overall loss of efficiency and component damage,” he added.
Revision Date: 6/18/2019
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Veolia, Water Treatment, Boiler, Steam Turbine, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Tanzania
Advanced Sensors for Power Plant Instruments
Mettler Toledo is offering pH and other instruments with advanced digital sensors that go well beyond basic measurement and digital signal conversion within the sensor. Such sensors fully exploit the opportunities available when measurements are made right next to the sensor element. They don’t compromise the measuring circuit design in order to accommodate the resistance and capacitance of long analog signal cables, especially for conductivity measurement. They don’t incur uncertainty when different measuring circuits are used to calibrate the sensor than are used in the final installation because the measuring circuit is inseparable from the sensor elements. In addition, they always utilize correct calibration data for their measurements because on-board memory retains it. Advanced digital sensors include real-time predictive diagnostics. These take the sensor’s cumulative operating exposure into account to forecast in real time when calibration, maintenance and replacement will be needed. Taken together, the sum of these advanced sensor capabilities are designated Intelligent Sensor Management or ISM®. ISM sensors are able to warn of the need for service before loss of accuracy or failure, making the measurements more reliable and increasing the efficiency of maintenance scheduling. They can also eliminate unnecessary servicing
Revision Date: 9/12/2018
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221118 - Other Electric Power , Mettler Toledo, Instrument, Ultrapure Water, pH, Conductivity
Fully Automating HRSG Feedwater Pumps
Even a relatively simple start-up process can have many steps and delays for operator cross-checks. Automation can simplify the procedure for the operator while reducing start-up time. In addition, more sophisticated controls techniques may be applied to improve process stability, reduce energy usage, and increase operating flexibility. Modern distributed control system (DCS) platforms offer capabilities that were unavailable just a few years ago. Features such as integrated graphical engineering environments, simplified sequencing controls, and improved human-machine interfaces (HMI) make higher levels of automation more practical from the standpoints of implementation, maintenance, and ease of use. The timing of these advances couldn’t be better—critical operating personnel throughout the power industry are approaching retirement age, and there are insufficient numbers of skilled younger personnel to replace them. Leveraging the existing plant knowledge base to design automation that reduces the burden on plant operators will be essential to meeting tomorrow’s plant demands. As an example, the following case study describes automating a simplified feedwater system for a combined-cycle power plant. The existing legacy DCS controls are proven and reliable; however, the sequence of operations and coordination of regulatory controls is not automated, therefore, it requires a high degree of knowledge and attention on the part of the operator. This case study describes a combination of controls automation strategies and HMI techniques designed to increase the overall level of automation while improving ease of use by operators and maintenance personnel. This article was published in Power Magazine in 2011 and written by Steven Leibbrandt and Bill Thackston, of Siemens Energy Inc. and is accessed in the intelligence system by clicking on the above title
Revision Date: 11/29/2017
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Automation, Pump, Power
Getting Reliable Turbine Bypass System Performance in Cycling Power Plants
Recommendations to get reliable performance of turbine bypass systems are made. These are based on recent experiences in a number of cycling power stations. Results of an investigation into cracks in the pressure boundary downstream of turbine bypass systems in some power stations are described. Where failures occurred, these systems were behaving quite differently from the design intent or what the operators thought was going on at the turbine bypass system (TBS). The root causes were traced through analysis of failed components, reviews of plant layout and operation, analysis of DCS data, additional measurements at the site and finite element analysis. The primary contributors to such problems were the control algorithms, oversized spray-water valves, leaking spraywater lines, and thermal shocking of the system. Improper layout of the system is a contributor in some cases. All these, in varying degrees, contribute to the damage to the components and, over time, results in fatigue failures.
Revision Date: 5/8/2017
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , CCI, High Performance Valve, Valve, Steam Generation
Valve Considerations when repowering a coal plant to use a gas turbine
Steve Brown of Crane analyzes valve requirements when repowering from coal to gas .Both cast and forged valves are important for the power industry with forged valves becoming more preferred in the most demanding applications and cast valves still comprising the balance of power plant valve installations.
Revision Date: 4/19/2017
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , Crane, Ball Valve, Actuator, High Performance Valve, Steam Cycle
Power steam cycle control valves -Trimteck
Power point presentation with diagrammatic locations of valves in various steps in the steam cycle. E.g. main steam cycle . Superheater valves: Maintain boiler pressure below 70%; and modulate pressure to the turbine. Main Steam Attemperator Valve: Controls HP Turbine Temperature at 15% Load Reheater Attemperator Valve: Controls LP Turbine Temperature at 15% Load . Turbine Bypass Valve 6. Superheater Bypass
Revision Date: 3/23/2017
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Trimteck, Ball Valve, Gate Valve, Actuator, High Performance Valve, Steam Cycle
BWR auxiliary feedwater valves in OTSG
Air-operated valves LCV-4025 and LCV-4026 control steam generator level for the “A” OTSG, and LCV-4007 and LCV-4009 for the “B” OTSG. The level control system for each valve receives a level input signal from a startup range OTSG level transmitter in the essential controls and instrumentation (ECI) system. This signal is compared with a level setpoint, and the resultant error signal modulates the control valve using a proportionalplus- integral controller. Manual control is available in both the main and auxiliary control room. Parallel flowpaths (one from a motor-driven pump, one from the turbine-driven pump) and redundant instrumentation and control power supplies for the level control valves ensure flow to each OTSG. Motor-operated block valves (V-14A and V-31B in the “A” OTSG supply, V-37A and V-20B in the “B” OTSG supply) provide redundant feedwater isolation of an OTSG. The turbine-driven and motor-driven pump discharge lines combine to supply the auxiliary feed ring in each OTSG.
Revision Date: 3/23/2017
Tags: 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , High Performance Valve, Actuator, Steam Cycle
Steam atteperator valve and actuator selection
AEP replaced the existing attemperator valves and actuators with Koso valves and Rexa Electraulic (electro-hydraulic) actuators, giving rangeability and control down to 0.5 percent open.
Revision Date: 3/23/2017
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , High Performance Valve, Actuator, Steam Cycle
$3.8 GTCC Valve Market but New Route with IIoT
Automation suppliers, third party O&M, plant suppliers, and process suppliers are integrating valves into remote monitoring systems. This creates a new route to market and the opportunity to provide smart valves with higher profit margins.
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Valve, Automation
Considerations relative to IIoT and application for pumps
IIoT can offer new opportunities beyond merely providing smarter pumps. It could enable better predictive analytics and preventive maintenance to help end users fix pump problems before failures occur. Also, the IIoT’s data analytics and reporting provide pump manufacturers with more detailed information about the operation of their systems in the field, which could benefit product development.
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Accudyne, Pump, Automation
Vaisala Measures Moisture in Oil Online
All machines with lubricating oil systems can benefit from the monitoring of moisture content in the oil. Water deteriorates oils performance, whether used as a lubricant, coolant, insulator or for other purposes. High moisture content increases the risk of corrosion, overheating, machine malfunctions and other costly problems. Vaisala's unique moisture in oil measurement monitors the water activity of the oil continuously and online, which directly indicates the margin to free water formation in the oil. Unlike traditional sampling methods, which can take days or weeks to produce test results, Vaisala's continuous measurement ensures reliable equipment performance at all times. Vaisala offers a diverse portfolio of real-time online measurement transmitters for utilities who want to mitigate these risks and safeguard their critical assets. Using Vaisala moisture-in-oil, hydrogen-in-oil, temperature, dew point, pressure and density meters, utilities can safely increase equipment performance and prepare timely maintenance plans to prevent unexpected outages. Vaisala has • Over 80 years of measurement experience • Thousands of installations in the power industry • Service centers in Finland, China, Japan and the US
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Vaisala, Instrument
Barking CCGT uses Emerson wielessHART® to monitor steam traps and valves
Sophisticated WirelessHART® acoustic “listening” technology combined with an integrated temperature measurement was deployed across the plant to monitor steam traps, PRV's and vent valves. This innovative combination of technologies offered a reliable and cost effective solution for identifying the problems that lead to unscheduled downtime, poor turbine efficiency and energy loss. A total of 100 Rosemount TM 708 Wireless Acoustic Transmitters were non-intrusively installed on critical vent valves, steam traps and PRV's. Barking had previous experience with a WirelessHART network in the plant. Despite the vast distance covered by the network and the tough environment introduced by the power plant, the wireless network proved to be very reliable. This gave Barking confidence to use Emerson's Smart Wireless technology for this new application.
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Emerson Automation Solutions, Remote Monitoring
Modernizing Old Plants to Meet New Demands
Much of the maintenance inspection in power plants is manual. Energy is wasted by steam loss and inefficiencies. Not all air and water emissions are checked. Imagine instead a power plant full of sensors that continuously monitor the condition of pumps and fans, detecting failure of steam traps or leaking relief valves, and where all emissions are monitored. Instead of operators collecting the data, the data comes to the operators. Much of the maintenance inspection in power plants is manual. Energy is wasted by steam loss and inefficiencies. Not all air and water emissions are checked. Imagine instead a power plant full of sensors that continuously monitor the condition of pumps and fans, detecting failure of steam traps or leaking relief valves, and where all emissions are monitored. Instead of operators collecting the data, the data comes to the operators. Power plants are being modernized with a pervasive sensing infrastructure for a second layer of automation. This is a new strategy for maintenance, energy efficiency, risk reduction and optimization using sensors which require no wires and are mostly non-intrusive and therefore can easily be deployed. Specialized diagnostic software in a separate system distills the raw sensor data into actionable information, such as which equipment needs service and which does not. Wireless sensor networks and analytic software are new technology trends enabling new levels of availability, energy efficiency, environmental compliance and productivity. Pervasive sensing infrastructure is the basis for the Internet of Things, which will take sensing even further in the future.
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Emerson Automation Solutions, Automation, Monitoring, Power Engineering
Enterprice Asset Performance Management solutions from Schneider Electric
Using the comprehensive Enterprise Asset Performance Management (APM) solution offered by Schneider Electric, organizations can monitor their assets to identify, diagnose and prioritize impending equipment problems — continuously and in real time. This enables companies to reduce unscheduled downtime, prevent equipment failures, reduce maintenance costs, increase asset utilization, extend equipment life and identify underperforming assets
Revision Date: 1/11/2017
Tags: Schneider Electric, Automation
New Condiltion Monitoring Approach
There is a new way forward that takes a platform-based approach to condition monitoring and helps you to regain control of your maintenance mix. To overcome the challenges that the traditional maintenance mix presents, this platform must deliver: The flexibility of the solution to scale with your evolving needs, such as support for new types of algorithms, support for a wide variety of I/O and emerging sensors, and the ability to scale to large numbers of systems An openness that allows you to gain access to the raw engineering measurements to adapt to new and innovative analysis techniques and extend the solution to meet your maintenance program requirements Interoperability with third-party hardware and software packages so that you can integrate with existing CMMS and ERP systems and any database historians or process management enterprise software used Rugged mechanicals and a breadth of available algorithms A monitoring hardware and software solution for a price that allows you to scale your online condition monitoring solution to cover the bulk of your rotating machinery assets The services to help facilitate your end-to-end solution from your asset to your IT infrastructure, either directly or through a network of partners
Revision Date: 1/5/2017
Tags: National Instrument Company, Coal, Condition Monitoring, Monitoring, Remote Monitoring
Fleetwide Monitoring (FWM) is the implementation of applications for monitoring, maintaining and optimizing generation (and other) assets from a centralized location (Hussey, 2010). Fundamentally, FWM involves monitoring assets within a fleet of assets to detect operational and equipment problems earlier enough to mitigate damage, manage risk, identify performance problems, and manage business and market conditions or risks. A key part of FWM involves the use of advanced online monitoring technologies developed in the 1990s and 2000s and first applied in aerospace, transportation, and petrochemical applications. The goal of FWM is intelligent top-down approach to plant maintenance and scheduling. The goal is accomplished by the move toward centralized monitoring and diagnostic centers, the integration of advanced monitoring applications, and continued use of existing monitoring and maintenance technologies. The efforts supporting the goal will be facilitated by emerging standards supporting interoperability of equipment and technologies from multiple vendors.
Revision Date: 1/5/2017
Tags: National Instrument Company, Equipment, Coal, Automation, Monitoring, Remote Monitoring
Modernizing Old Plants to Meet New Demands
Much of the maintenance inspection in power plants is manual. Energy is wasted by steam loss and inefficiencies. Not all air and water emissions are checked. Imagine instead a power plant full of sensors that continuously monitor the condition of pumps and fans, detecting failure of steam traps or leaking relief valves, and where all emissions are monitored. Instead of operators collecting the data, the data comes to the operators. Much of the maintenance inspection in power plants is manual. Energy is wasted by steam loss and inefficiencies. Not all air and water emissions are checked. Imagine instead a power plant full of sensors that continuously monitor the condition of pumps and fans, detecting failure of steam traps or leaking relief valves, and where all emissions are monitored. Instead of operators collecting the data, the data comes to the operators. Power plants are being modernized with a pervasive sensing infrastructure for a second layer of automation. This is a new strategy for maintenance, energy efficiency, risk reduction and optimization using sensors which require no wires and are mostly non-intrusive and therefore can easily be deployed. Specialized diagnostic software in a separate system distills the raw sensor data into actionable information, such as which equipment needs service and which does not. Wireless sensor networks and analytic software are new technology trends enabling new levels of availability, energy efficiency, environmental compliance and productivity. Pervasive sensing infrastructure is the basis for the Internet of Things, which will take sensing even further in the future.
Revision Date: 1/5/2017
Tags: Emerson Electric, Coal, Valve, Pump, Automation, Monitoring, Power Engineering
More efficient filters are justified says Carlos Conti of Vokes
Moving from two to three stages has significantly increased system pressure drop but simultaneously reduced the quantity of dust reaching the turbine by approximately 98%, lowering the chance of engine damage – fouling, corrosion and erosion. To quantify this additional pressure drop, it is agreed within the power generation industry that an increase in pressure drop of 50 Pa causes a fall in efficiency of 0.1%. Quantifying the benefit is a balance between reduced fouling and increased pressure drop. The increased pressure drop can be estimated to restrict performance by approximately 0.4%, while cutting fouling provides a 1.2% improvement in output (empirical average). Therefore…
Revision Date: 12/9/2016
Tags: Mann+Hummel, Air Filter
Hydrophobic media provides water removal and prefiltration
Vokes Macrogen GT Duo employs a hydrophobic media that provides effective water removal while in a study of 2 x 250 gas turbines in 2012 also delivered particle filtration to G4 or M5 efficiencies. This means that separate coalescer and prefiltration stages are unnecessary and that the redundant filter phase can be removed. The F9 final filters downstream from the Macrogen GT Duo system ran for a greater number ofhours and had a slightly lower pressure drop (105 against 110 Pascal) over the trial period. This result is due to the fact that the Macrogen has not only reduced the pressure drop but, at the same time, has increased the efficiency of prefiltration (from G4 to M5) better protecting the final filter.
Revision Date: 12/9/2016
Tags: Mann+Hummel, Air Filter
Audit by Evoqua results in power plant savings for power, chemicals and labor costs
An uninterrupted supply of high-quality water is vital to power plant operations. When making outage plans that include preventative maintenance on key plant systems, plant personnel should address the plant’s water treatment equipment, ensuring it receives the same high level of attention as its boiler, condensers, turbines and process equipment. So, how does a maintenance planner know whether the water treatment system is operating at its best and that it can meet the power plant’s current and future demands? One way is to plan an audit of the water treatment equipment before a planned outage. The audit should start with a system check-up to assess system conditions, performance and efficiencies and to pinpoint areas that need improvement. The check-up also can determine if a full system audit is required to provide a more in-depth investigation of a single or multiple water unit operation. The system audit should address the individual challenges of specific situations and include an in-plant survey and a summary of findings and recommendations for improvement.
Revision Date: 12/9/2016
Tags: Evoqua, Wastewater, Cost, Reverse Osmosis, Ion Exchange
Colfax oil pumps for power generation
Paper shows diagrams with all points where oil is used: (1) truck unloading with three screw or gear pumps (2) barge unloading with centrifugal, two screw or three screw (3) tank unloading with three screw (4) day tank with three screw (5) transfer & oil treatment systems with P.C, three screw and gear (6) fuel reservoir with three screw (7) Fuel oil forward system with three screw (8) liquid fuel oil injection system into the turbine with two screw, three screw or gear ( 9) gear box with three screw (10) lube, jacking control & seal oil systems for generator with centrifugal, gear or three screw (11) generator gear box with three screw.
Revision Date: 12/9/2016
Tags: Colfax, Pump, Fuel
Colfax Twin Screw Pump for Gas Turbine Naptha Fuel
The Colfax twn screw pump has a number of advantages which are outlined in a white paper when used to pump naptha as a secondary fuel in gas turbine operations.
Revision Date: 12/9/2016
Tags: Colfax, Pump, Fuel
Richard Winslow is a niche expert on power plant lubrication
Richard Winslow is a niche expert on power plant lubrication We first learned about Richard’s lubrication expertise in an article he wrote when he was with PacifiCorp. There was a pulverizer wear problem at the Naughton plant of Pacific Corp. An advanced filtration technology for the coal pulverizer was determined to be readily available for heavy gear oil that would meet solve the maintenance problems. An off-line kidney loop filtration package using a high-efficiency, high-dirt-holding capacity, synthetic filter media was solved the problem. Richard moved on from PacifiCorp and most recently has been in Alaska with ConocoPhillips. He has agreed to a niche expert role in our linkedin discussions and decision system. In addition to his Naughton paper we have also include his paper on minimizing bacterial contamination. His resume is attached.
Revision Date: 11/23/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Niche Expert, Lubrication
Bacterial Contamination of Turbine and Circulating Lube Oil Systems
Bacterial contamination of large circulating oil systems in steam turbines is an expensive problem. This paper describes the problem and lists the types of lubricants and conditions that appear to be most susceptible, methods of treatment and known methods to clean up and prevent bacterial contamination.
Revision Date: 11/23/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, BHE Environmental, Inc., Lubrication
Mann & Hummel water repellent turbine intake pre filter
Macrogen GT Duo has been specifically designed to meet the exact needs of gas turbine operators. With a low initial pressure drop and high dust holding capacity, combined with an inherent water repellency (coalescing and drainage), Macrogen GT Duo meets all the needs of gas turbine power plants.
Revision Date: 11/18/2016
Tags: Mann+Hummel, Air Filter
Mann & Hummel spin-on filters are used for the filtration of lube oil
MANN+HUMMEL has been a leading producer worldwide of spin-on filters for more than twenty years. The filters are distributed under the MANN-FILTER brand and a number of customer brands. Features include: Available with a variety of filter media • Efficient separation and high dirt holding capacity with minimal pressure drop • Robust, corrosion-protected housing with high pulsation and pressure stability MANN+HUMMEL spin-on filters are used for the filtration of lube oils, hydraulic oils and coolants in a variety of applications. MANN+HUMMEL has been a leading producer worldwide of spin-on filters for more than twenty years. The filters are distributed under the MANN-FILTER brand and a number of customer brands. 8 • Improved flow geometry • Bypass valves with clearly defined opening characteristics and leak-free closing • Undetachable seals • Stable central tube resistant to collapse • Non-return valve with minimal pressure drop
Revision Date: 11/18/2016
Tags: Mann+Hummel, Filter, Cartridge, Lubrication
BHE Safety relief valves needed by many BHE plants
BHE Safety relief valves needed by many BHE plants We have provided three tiers of information relative to some of the safety relief valve initiatives at BHE. This is a brief summary which links to much more detailed information. This second tier contains links to insurance reports, bidders lists and other full reports. • Pacificorp Currant Creek GTCC plant approved bidders list lists GE ( Consolidated as the preferred supplier with Pentair and Curtiss Wright as acceptable safety relief valve suppliers for a gas turbine combined cycle projects • The Pacificorp Hunter Staton 2002 insurance report discusses a generator failure of the generator and comments on safety relief valves. • A report on Pacificcorp Prospect No. 3 hydroelectric project relicensing covers PRV where critical to ramping events . • There was an investigation into Gas transmission relief valve failure in Utah. • Chehalis generating station energy savings projects analysis conducted by Cascade Energy included relief valves for lubricant filter systems • Lakeside Power Block 2 has relief valves for the ammonia tank and relief valves for the water injection system plus recirculation valves • A biogas generator includes tanks used in the anaerobic digestion process with emergency relief valves With 110 gas turbine power plants, 41 coal fired boilers, 71 compressor stations, and many geothermal, wind and solar plants BHE is a major user of safety relieve valves.
Revision Date: 11/18/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Valve, Safety Valve
Interconnecting compressor initiatives at BHE
BHE has 110 gas turbine units, 4l coal fired plants, 71 compressor stations and many renewable energy facilities. Compressors are used at many of the locations. The bidders list on gas turbine plant shows Gardner Denver as preferred and several others including Atlas Copco as acceptable. Another show Atlas Copco as preferred and Gardner Denver as acceptable. The new interconnect program for BVHE created by McIlvaine will help the plans communicate and lead to global specifying. Here are examples of the compressors being specified
Revision Date: 11/18/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Compressor
Corporation decisions based on shared values and CSR
Mike Sullivan of BHE Energy points to the Scandinavian policies to insure that corporations include social values in their decision making. He talks about incorporating the shared values of the employees as one aspect. We suggest you read this thought provoking article but also review the McIlvaine Sustainability Universal Rating System . This system provides a way to more accurately determine the values of BHE employees but also voters. The recent election underscores the importance of understanding the values which are important to voters.
Revision Date: 11/14/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Sustainability
Huntington 1 and other Western States CCP plans
Jeff Burks of Energy Strategies presented plans in October 2015 for Western States to meet CO2 emissions. A graph shows the Huntington 1 emissions with no changes and the goal with reductions starting in 2022.
Revision Date: 11/7/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., CO2, Regulation
Wastewater permit for coal and combustion turbine plants in Gillette Wyoming
This 2015 permit authorizes the discharge of wastewater from six coal fired power plants, two combustion turbine power plants, and one coal mine. The Neil Simpson and Wygen generating power plants and the coal mine are located approximately six miles east of Gillette, Wyoming. Most of the wastewater generated by the facility is recycled, so this facility rarely discharges. Discharges usually occur in response to large storm events. Note below that the facilities are air-cooled, so they do not discharge cooling water. Therefore, 316(b) regulations do not apply. In addition, make-up water is partially treated water from the Gillette wastewater treatment plant, not waters of the Wastewater originating from the variety of sources is routed to a two cell settling pond. The first pond, called the Bottom Ash Settling Pond, functions to provide settlement for sediments and ash by-products. Wastewater from this pond overflows to the second pond called the Clear Pond. The Clear Pond has an outlet structure (Outfall 001) that allows the discharge of the treated wastewater to Donkey Creek. However, because a majority of the wastewater that enters the settling ponds is recycled, there is seldom a discharge to the creek.
Revision Date: 11/7/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Regulation, Wastewater
Valve Market strategy focused on large purchasers such as BHE
This article in the December issue of Valve World by Mcilvaine advises suppliers of high performance valves to identify the largest purchasers and build the marketing program around them. An opportunity to work with BHE who spends $ 90 million/yr on valves is explained.
Revision Date: 11/7/2016
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221111 - Hydroelectric Power Generation 水力发电, 221114 - Wind Power , 221118 - Other Electric Power , BHE Environmental, Inc., Valve
2014 BHE testimony on the gas turbine, coal and geothermal projects in Utah
The purpose of Chad Teply testimony was to support the prudence of capital investments in the new Lake Side 2 combined cycle combustion turbine (“CCCT”) natural gas fueled resource, certain pollution control equipment retrofits on existing coal fueled resources, and other significant generation plant projects being placed in service during the test period in this docket, July 1, 2014 through July 2015. This included the Hayden SCR and the Blundell geothermal resource well integration project and 1 the Naughton Unit 3 natural gas conversion project. The Blundell geothermal resource well integration project integrates two 108 new geothermal resource wells into the Blundell generation system. One production well and one injection well, along with associated appurtenances, have been drilled and will be placed in service to support continued reliable electricity production at the site. Lake Side 2 is nominally rated at 548 MW base load 130 and 97 MW of duct firing for a total net capacity of 645 MW at the average 131 ambient temperate of 52 degrees Fahrenheit. Each combustion turbine exhausts 132 into its own heat recovery steam generator which then commonly supply a single 133 steam turbine generator. The electrical energy generated by Lake Side 2 will be delivered to a new 345 kV point of interconnection substation (Steel Mill) where it will tie into the PacifiCorp transmission system.
Revision Date: 11/7/2016
Tags: 221116 - Geothermal Power , BHE Environmental, Inc., Duct Burner, Substation
BHE NV Energy Title V permit renewal January 2016
2 x175 MW GTCC has SCR, low NOx burners, oxidation catalyst with limits of 2.5 ppm NOx and 5 ppm CO on a 3 hour basis at 15% O2. Also has duct burners, emergency fire pump with diesel engine wht 100 hr operating limit. A CEMs measure s NOx, CO and O2 on each turbine
Revision Date: 11/2/2016
Tags: BHE Environmental, Inc., Catalyst, SCR, Continuous Emissions Monitor, Regulation
Internally insulated exhaust ductwork minimizes stress
David Clarida, Integrity Power Solutions LLC, writing in CCJ in 2009, stressed the importance of proper insulation in gas turbine exhaust ductwork. Arrangement of the insulating system has evolved over time. Today’s offerings are much improved over those available only a few years ago, assuring users of longer operating lifetimes and a higher degree of personnel safety.
Revision Date: 10/19/2016
Tags: Insulation, CCJ
MILES OF PIPELINE 16,400 DESIGN CAPACITY Approximately 7.8 billion cubic feet per day COMPRESSION STATIONS 63 TOTAL SYSTEM COMPRESSION 1,002,362 horsepower The BHE Pipeline Group consists of Berkshire Hathaway Energy’s interstate natural gas pipeline companies, Kern River Gas Transmission Company and Northern Natural Gas Company. • Kern River’s 1,700-mile system is a direct link between the abundant Rocky Mountain natural gas-producing basins and western markets, including Salt Lake City, Utah; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Southern California. • Northern Natural Gas’ 14,700-mile system extends from southwest Texas to Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. • Together, Kern River and Northern Natural Gas delivered approximately 7 percent of the natural gas consumed in the U.S. in 2015. OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE • The reliability of natural gas delivery is crucial to meeting our customers’ needs. In 2015, Kern River had a compression reliability rate of 99.87% and Northern Natural Gas had a compression reliability rate of 99.99%. Mark Hewett, 49, is the president and CEO of the BHE Pipeline Group, which consists of Northern Natural Gas Company and Kern River Gas Transmission. In 1987, he joined MidAmerican Energy Company and served in a number of management positions, most recently as vice president of energy trading. In 2002, Hewett was selected as president of Northern Natural Gas upon MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company’s purchase of the company. In 2007, he also assumed executive responsibility for Kern River. Under Hewett’s leadership, the companies have provided industry-leading customer service. For the last seven years, Kern River and Northern Natural Gas have held the top two spots in the Mastio & Co. customer satisfaction survey. Kern River owns and operates 1,700 miles of pipeline in Wyoming, Utah, Nevada and California. The company is a direct link between the abundant Rocky Mountain natural-gas producing basins and western markets, including Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, and southern California. Kern River’s pipeline system has a design capacity of 2.17 billion cubic feet per day. Northern Natural Gas owns and operates 14,700 miles of transmission pipeline with facilities in twelve states and access to the major North American supply basins. Northern Natural Gas also owns and operates three underground natural gas storage fields and two liquefied natural gas storage facilities. Northern Natural Gas’ pipeline system has a design capacity of 5.7 billion cubic feet per day.
Revision Date: 10/17/2016
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Northern Natural Gas Co, Kern River Gas Transmission Co, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, BHE Pipeline Group, Pipeline, Compressor Stations, Expansion, Construction, Compression, Pipeline, USA
Energy Saving at PacifiCorp Washington Plants
PacifiCorp Energy has seven generation facilities in their fleet that provide electricity to the State of Washington. These units vary from coal‐fired to natural gas to wind. The State of Washington has recently passed legislation requiring PacifiCorp to complete all cost effective energy efficiency measures in these generation facilities. The purpose of this 2011 report was to outline the systems investigated and detail the cost effective measures.
Revision Date: 9/26/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Variable Speed Drive, Fan
Wyodak installs full flow condensate filtration
This coal fired power plant used air cooled condensers which cause problems with the condensate. In 2011 PacifiCorp purchased Pall 20 micron filters for the full flow. The question posed at the time was whether it would be worth more efficient filters e.g. 10 micron or 6 micron. 5 years have now passed since this presentation at the 2011 ACC users group . What is the current status and experience?
Revision Date: 9/22/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, Pall Corporation, Flow Control Equipment, Cartridge, Filtration
Wartsila has many applications in baseload, standby and emergency power
Applications include airport installations with heat, cooling, and power. One installation is run with vegetable oil as a fuel and does include SCR. CHP provides up to 90% efficiency.
Revision Date: 9/7/2016
Tags: Wartsila, NOx
Approved gas turbine component supplier list for PacifiCorp
gas turbine combined cycle plants purchased by Pacific Corp. Preferred vendors based on the Currant Creek 2 plant are designated. For example Cuno is the approved supplier for the condensate filters. However in 2011 at Wyodak the Pall filter was installed to replace the existing Cuno string wound filters and positive results such as less iron deposition were experienced. Has this information been transferred to those making up bidders lists?
Revision Date: 8/29/2016
Tags: PacifiCorp, High Performance Valve, Cartridge, Pump, Power Plant, NOx, Valve, Emissions Control
Lower emission limits for biogas engines in SCAQMD as of January 2016
SCAQMD rule for biogas effective 2016 limits emissions to 11 ppmv NOx – 30 ppmv VOC – 250 ppmv CO Stakeholders have commented that the capital and operating costs for cleaning up the biogas are very high and post-combustion control technologies such as Catalytic Oxidation and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are expensive to install and operate and argued that many of them will resort to flaring as a less costly alternative. Response: •The costs are significant but the environmental benefits are also significant. •Proposed controls are very cost effective. •Reasonable emission reductions such as those from biogas engines needed to meet the ambient air quality standards. •Flaring of a renewable energy source is undesirable. •Biogas flaring, except for a small Greenhouse Gas disbenefit, has a much lower criteria pollutant footprint compared to biogas engines, even considering power that needs to be generated by central power plants.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: 562212 - Solid Waste Landfill , Regulation, SCAQMD, Emissions Control
Multiple routes for siloxane removal from biogas
Cormetech cites low persmissib levels of siloxane. Wastewater treatment plants and landfills have higher siloxane levels. A variety of treatment methods include consumables such as as activated carobn, regenerative with resins, and even chlller/adsorbers.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: 562212 - Solid Waste Landfill , Siloxane, Emissions Control
Johnson Matthey emission control for stationary engines
What is a catalyst? ◦ How does it work? Three Way Catalyst ( aka NSCR or TWC) for Rich Burn Engines Catalyst Components and Operation Air-Fuel Ratio Controllers Summary Two Way Catalyst (aka Oxidation) for Lean Burn Engines Catalyst Operation Summary Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems (aka SCR) for Lean Burn Engines What is SCR? / How it is Different from Two Way and Three Way.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: Johnson Matthey, Emissions Control
Tenneco has modular SCR system for ships and locomotives
A team from China, U.S. and Europe has designed a modular SCR system for ships and locomotives. Successful first applications include a ship in the Great Lakes and one in the Gulf of Mexico.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , Tenneco, Modular System, SCR, Emissions Control
EPA cost estimate of NESHAP for SI stationary engines is $ 115 million /yr
EPA estimates that complying with the reconsidered national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for stationary spark-ignition (SI) reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE) will have an annualized cost of approximately $115 million per year (2009 or 2010 dollars) in the year of full implementation of the rule (2013). The total annualized costs of the reconsidered rule are 55% less than those for the final SI RICE NESHAP promulgated in 2010. Using these costs, EPA estimates in its economic impact analysis that the NESHAP will have limited impacts on the industries affected and their consumers. Using sales data obtained for affected small entities in an analysis of the impacts of this rule on small entities.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: Regulation, Emissions Control
China Marine Emissions Analysis by NRDC in 2013
30 percent of the world’s ocean going vessels pass through China. Shipping is the largest NOx and PM generator in Hong Kong. Stringent NOx controls are presently required for ships entering certain controlled regions in Europe and the U.S. Many of the ships use high sulfur cheap fuels and need scrubbers for SO2 removal. McIlvaine raises the question as to whether the catalytic filter with direct sorbent injection is not the best answer. A scheduled interview with Tri-Mer and Filtration Group will pose this question.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , NOx, Scrubber, Emissions Control, China
Cummins CHP installations for greenhouses have short payback time
CHP for heat and CO2 production for greenhouse applications can pay back in a remarkably short time, ranging anywhere from 1.5 to 3 years in favorable conditions says Stefan De Witt of Cummins Engine. Gas-fueled generator sets are highly suitable for this application because of their excellent environmental characteristics and their efficient production of heat and electricity. When implementing a solution, the designer must consider a number of points. For the dimensioning of the CO2 equipment such as tubes and fans, for example, it is important to keep in mind the excess air factor, defined as the amount of air admitted divided by the minimum amount of air required for the complete combustion of a fuel. The amount of air for complete combustion of a fuel depends on the composition of the fuel. Combustion of approximately 35 cubic ft of natural gas at normal temperature and pressure (1 N m³) needs approximately 8.5 N m³ of air. Lean-burn engines operate at a high excess air factor (above 1.5) to keep NOx production to a minimum. Consequently, a CHP unit produces a larger volume of exhaust gases than a burner.
Revision Date: 8/23/2016
Tags: Cummins, Greenhouse
Feature Articles: 2016 EGSA Spring Conference Preview……..We’re Back in the Saddle Again in 2016! Are You Ready to Join EGSA in Spurring on our 51st Year? ……..Green Energy and Green Money: Coincidence? ……..EGSA Power Generation Market Pulse Survey ……..EGSA Heads ‘South of the Border’ for the Generac Power Systems Annual Dealer Conference …….. POWER-GEN International a Huge Success for the EGSA Power Pavilion in 2015! ……..Sunbelt Transformer Ltd. Member Profile: Another in our series of EGSA Member company profile Advertisers: Aaron Equipment Company……..Altronic, LLC (GTI Bi-Fuel) ……..Anna, Inc. ……..ASCO Power Technologies ……..Diesel Gas & Turbine Publications ……..Generator Solutions, Inc. ……..Hilliard Corp. ……..Phoenix Products ……..Power & Compression Sales ……..Pritchard Brown ……..Ring Power Corp. …….. Robinson Enclosures …….. Russelectric, Inc. ………Showmen Supplies Inc. ……..Sunbelt Transformer ……..Thomson Power Systems …….. United Alloy, Inc.
Revision Date: 8/17/2016
Tags: EGSA, Powerline
Safety Power has order for 2 MW for engines with SCR for NYC
Safety Power Inc. has received a new order for an ecoCUBE® SCR system. This order represents two (2) megawatt of diesel power generation used in a demand response application for the City’s largest utility demand generation program. The emissions equipment will remove Nox, CO and PM while providing critical grade silencing all in one component. This project is for a stationary diesel engine that requires the use of after-treatment exhaust cleaning systems to meet or exceed the local environmental emissions requirements for this area. Safety Power’s product was chosen because of the small footprint and the proven reliability of the ecoCUBE® systems based on similar applications in North America. The ecoCUBE® will be mounted on the rooftop of a tall building in the financial district of the City. This order was scheduled for delivery in the 1st quarter of 2016.
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Safety Power, Sound Attenuation, Silencer, SCR
New York State is proposing to adopt 6 NYCRR Part 222, 'Distributed Generation Sources' and make conforming revisions to Part 200, 'General Provisions' and Subpart 227-2, 'Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) for Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox)' to establish emission standards, monitoring requirements and record keeping requirements for certain DG sources in New York State. The proposed rule will apply to DG sources not currently regulated under Subpart 227-2 or subject to a federal New Source Performance Standard (NSPS), as long as the federal standards are less than or equal to the Part 222 emission limits. NYSDEC Proposed 6 NYCRR, Subpart 222 Distributed Generation Sources Specifically for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines For Nox RICE Natural Gas Engines are limited to 1.5 g/bhp-hr and RICE Diesel Engines are limited to 2.3 g/bhp-hr. Particulate for both diesel and natural gas is 0.3 g/bhp-hr or 85% reduction. An annual tune-up for all engines is required by New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. The compliance by May 1, 2016, the beginning of the “ozone season”. Operators can request a one (1) year extension due to hardship circumstances or if the site already took part in a formal 2015 demand response program.
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Emissions, Regulation, Air Pollution Control, NY
Sound enclosures provide weather protection and sound attenuation
With the growth of standby, prime and peaking power installations in highly populated areas, design engineers have focused their attention on understanding how generator set noise is propagated and controlled. The high cost of retrofitting a site for noise reduction makes it imperative to assess noise performance requirements early in the on-site power system design stage. This Cummins white paper outlines procedures to help, power system designers and end users more easily control unwanted noise from their on-site power system. there are basically seven strategies for reducing generator set noise: 1) reduce the sound level of the source; 2) acoustic barriers; 3) acoustic insulation; 4) isolation mounts; 5) cooling air attenuation; 6) exhaust silencers; and 7) efforts to maximize the distance between the generator set and the property line (or people). When locating generator sets outdoors, the use of enclosures – particularly sound-attenuating enclosures – combines all of these strategies into a convenient package that provides weather protection as well as sound attenuation.
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Cummins, Sound Attenuation
Cummins Sound attenuation enclosures
Cummins Power Generation diesel and spark-ignited generator sets are available with sound-attenuated and weather-protective enclosures. Pre-assembled, pre-integrated and delivered as part of the entire power system, these enclosures are designed to speed installation time and reduce costs. Three levels of sound-attenuation, depending on model size, are available to comply with even the strictest noise requirements. Enclosures are constructed of steel or aluminum, which is preferred in coastal regions or other environments where corrosion is a concern. Three levels of sound attenuation are: Level I: 70 to 89 d(B)A* Level II: 63 to 78 d(B)A* Level III: 68 to 70 d(B)A*
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Cummins, Silencer, Sound Attenuation
Cormetech multipollutant catalyst reduces footprint and pressure drop
Advanced Multi-Function Catalyst, initially developed and patented by Siemens Energy Inc., and optimized and fully developed into commercial production as METEOR™ by Cormetech, Inc., simultaneously reduces NOx, CO, VOCs and NH3 slip to compliance levels in one catalyst layer. It provides several key benefits, compared to the traditional solution with two separate catalysts (i.e., CO oxidation and SCR), to address the changing dynamics of the power industry: 1. Capital cost reduction through a reduced footprint within the HRSG. 2. Enhanced efficiency and increased MW load operation through reduced catalyst pressure loss (from the single catalyst layer layout combined with Cormetech’s latest patented ultra-high surface area, high open area honeycomb in a pleated module). 3. Lower maintenance cost through reduced cold-end fouling from sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate (ABS). 4. Broader load flexibility through much lower sensitivity to flue gas sulfur compounds (e.g., SO2).
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Cormetech, Catalyst
Universal AET solves noise problem at Marcellus shale gas compressor station in PA
Universal AET engineers developed a custom exhaust silencer system with an integrated catalyst and packaged it with a resonator to treat the emissions and acoustic energy created by the reciprocating engines. Universal AET provided unique vertical combination units that meet exceedingly strict acoustic requirements. In addition to the two engine exhaust systems, Universal AET provided complete turbine exhaust systems for two Caterpillar natural gas powered compressor turbines at the site. These units are each rated at 10,280 HP.
Revision Date: 8/16/2016
Tags: Universal AET, Caterpillar, Sound Attenuation, Silencer
South Coast Air Quality Management District sets plan to control NOx from 17,000 small sources
Fifteen stationary source measures and 15 mobile source measures, anticipated to be adopted and implemented in the next 10 to 15 years will assist in attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard by 2031 together with CARB’s measures and reductions from federal sources. Twelve stationary source measures target NOx reductions that are further grouped into measure types: co-benefits from climate programs, incentive measures, additional stationary sources measures, and other measures. Three stationary source measures focus on limited, strategic VOC reductions and four additional measures have corresponding VOC reductions from other ozone or PM measures. SCAQMD’s mobile source measures include one emission growth management measure and 14 mobile source measures that are further grouped into four facility-based mobile source measures, five on-road and four off-road source measures, and one incentive program measure. Section 182(e)(5) of the CAA allows “extreme” ozone areas to include measures in their Plan that rely on the development of new technology or advancement of existing technology. These are sometimes referred to as black box measures. The 8-hour ozone measures in the 2016 AQMP specify current opportunities for emission reductions and thus are designed to reduce the reliance on the Section 182(e)(5) commitments in the 2007 AQMP NOx Combustion Sources Equipment # of Units A 372 Boilers, 2,511 Dryers 218 Flares , 175 Furnaces , 753 Heaters ,770 Incinerators . 192 Ovens 174 Stationary ICEs , 12,928 Turbines
Revision Date: 8/11/2016
Tags: South Coast Air Quality Management District, NOx, Regulation, Air Pollution Control, USA
Combined cycle plant duct burner optimization using NeuCO software
GE Neuco has used the approach in coal fired boilers to optimize the use of duct burners in a gas turbine combined cycle system at the Independence Station of Dynergy. This 1000 MW plant uses duct burners which add 88 MW of capacity. Process Link predicts maximum likely demand in the next 30 minutes and then adds only enough duct burner fuel to offset the shortfall in case of maximum likely demand. Dynamic modeling avoids over-shooting and under-shooting. It predicts true combined cycle capability without duct burners and enables users to specify how certain they want to be that they will meet demand.
Revision Date: 8/9/2016
Tags: NeuCo, Software
Bar Silencer analysis by by AAF and Brunel University
Dissipative silencers used to attenuate noise emanating from air moving devices such as fans are normally of a simple splitter design, with parallel baffles of absorbent material arranged over the width of a duct. However in more specialist applications, such as the exhaust systems of gas turbines, different silencer geometries are often used. One such geometry is a so-called bar silencer, in which rectangular bars, or bricks, of absorbing material are placed in a lattice arrangement over the duct cross section. The acoustic performance of these bar silencers is investigated here using a finite element based numerical mode matching scheme. The insertion loss of the bar silencers is then calculated and compared against traditional splitter designs in order to investigate the relative efficiency of each design the performance of the bar silencer is observed to be very dependent on the material chosen and the flow resistivity of this material (which is linked to the overall bulk density of the material placed in the silencer). This places a strong emphasis on the development of accurate design tools suitable for optimizing silencer performance for a particular application.
Revision Date: 8/9/2016
Tags: AAF International, Silencer
Revision Date: 8/9/2016
Tags: Emerson Electric, Gas Turbine, Reciprocating Engine, Optimization, Combustion, Heat Recovery
Kohler Recommends Approach to Sizing Data Center Engines
Kohler weighs in on engine sizing and emission control based on two sets of criteria. One is to insure adequate power is available and the other is to meet EPA emission limits, Kohler makes a case as to why specifying a continuous rating (as the Uptime Institute recommends) for generators in the data-center industry is unnecessary. First, consider that the main purpose of the ISO 8528-1 ratings standard is to classify the type of application for which a generator rating is to be used. In nearly every case, data centers are standby (emergency) applications. The generator is not the primary power source; it is used to back up a reliable utility, or in the case of Tier III and Tier IV data centers, multiple independent utilities. The only exceptions are areas where there are no utilities, and the generator is used as prime power. **********The second set of criteria determine the emission control requirements A stationary “emergency” application is where the generator set remains in one location for 12 months or longer, is the secondary power source when the utility (primary power source) fails, and annual maintenance and readiness testing is less than 100 hours. The term “emergency” refers to the use of the engine when an emergency occurs (utility fails). In virtually all cases, these applications will have a “standby” generator rating. Remember that standby-rated generators can run an unlimited number of hours with varying load during the utility outage. Stationary emergency applications in the U.S. require diesel engines that are EPA-certified to Tier 3 if their power output is between 50 BHP (40 kW) and 560 BHP (500 kW), or certified to Tier 2 if their power output is above 560 BHP (500 kW). A stationary “non-emergency” application is where the generator set is either the primary power source or a secondary power source connected to an unreliable utility with planned high hours of annual usage. Additionally, using it for peak shaving, interruptible rate, or any financial arrangement with a utility qualifies it as a non-emergency application. Non-emergency applications may use prime, limited running time or continuous ratings. Non-emergency applications in the U.S. require EPA-certified Tier 4 diesel engines, which are designed for lower emissions and are much more expensive than their stationary emergency counterparts at the Tier 2 and Tier 3 levels. A non-road application is where the generator set is in more than one location within a 12-month period. Typical applications are mobile, rental or containerized generator sets. Non-road applications may use prime, limited running time or continuous ratings. These applications require EPA-certified Tier 4 diesel engines.********** Todd Matte Manager - Corporate Accounts Project Management Group of Kohler was the author of this 2015 document.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, , , , 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Kohler, Reciprocating Engine, Catalyst, Control System, Heat Recovery Systems, Silencer, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
World Data Center Growth is 9%/yr
The global data center construction market will grow from $14.59bn in 2014 to $22.73bn by 2019, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.3% according Research and Markets. Many companies have begun to transform traditional data centers into mega data centers while many others are planning to build new monster sites in the coming years. The data center construction market is expected to show significant growth rate in the coming period.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control
Data Centers will Consume 8% of Worlds Energy in 2020
The rapid increase in cloud-scale services is driving a growth in data centers. Resources and support-infrastructures inside these centers consume a lot of energy. It is estimated that, currently, data centers consume about 3% of the world’s electricity production [1] and should double in every 5 years [2]. By 2020, data centers should consume approximately 8% of the total world’s energy [3] and emit 340 metric megatons of CO2 annually [4]. Data centers in the U.S. consumed 2% of all electricity usage in 2010 [9]. Utility, as a primary source, provides electricity for data centers. Diesel and natural gas generators are employed as emergency sources during a utility power outage. Since coal and gas plants are the dominant sources of the electricity produced in the U.S., the current growth in data centers energy consumption will produce large carbon emission and incur high electricity cost. Environmental concerns, as well as energy prices, obligate companies to build green data centers, which partially or completely use renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. Incorporating renewable sources can reduce carbon footprint, energy price, and loss, but their intermittent nature is a key challenge. New generation of data centers will be either own renewable energy sources or buy it directly from an existing off-site generation (co-location). More importantly, they will play an active role instead of being a pure consumer to the utility.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Heat Recovery Systems, Silencer, Valves, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery
Compressor Stations Placed Every 40-70 miles
Compressor stations are facilities located along a natural gas pipeline which compress the gas to a specified pressure, thereby allowing it to continue traveling along the pipeline to the intended recipient. Frequency of Compressor Stations – The total number of compressor station facilities required to move product varies depending on the region and conditions. Generally compressor stations are located about every 40-70 miles along the pipeline. Operating Pressure of the Pipeline – There is a wide variation in the pressure within a given section of pipeline compared to other pipelines in other areas. The typical pressure may range anywhere from 200 psi (pounds per square inch) to 1,500 psi. This wide variation is also due to the type of area in which the pipeline is operating, its elevation, and the diameter of the pipeline. Because of the change in the environment, compressor stations may compress natural gas at different levels. Supply and demand can also be a factor at times in the level of compression required for the flow of the natural gas. Compressor Unit – The compressor unit is the piece of equipment which actually compresses the gas. Some compressor stations may have multiple compressor units depending on the needs of the pipeline. The compressor unit is a large engine which typically works in one of three ways: Turbines with Centrifugal Compressors – This type of compressor is powered by a turbine to turn a centrifugal compressor and is powered by natural gas from the pipeline itself. Electric Motors with Centrifugal Compressors – This type of compressor also utilizes centrifugal compressors to compress the gas; however, instead of being powered by a natural gas fueled turbine, they instead rely on high voltage electric motors. Reciprocating Engine with Reciprocating Compressor – This type of compressor uses large piston engines to crank reciprocating pistons located within cylindrical cases on the side of the unit. These reciprocating pistons compress the gas. These engines are also fueled by natural gas.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Silencer, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Catalyst, Regulation, Cooling, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery
U.S. Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline had 1200 Comperssors in 2006 with 17 Million HP
The U.S. interstate natural gas pipeline network relies on more than 1,200 natural gas compressor stations to maintain the continuous flow of natural gas between supply area and consumers (Figure 1). Compressor stations are “pumping” facilities that advance the flow of natural gas. They are usually situated between 50 and 100 miles apart along the length of a natural gas pipeline system and are designed to operate on a nonstop basis. The average station is capable of moving about 700 million cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas per day, while the largest can move as much as 4.6 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per day. Between 1996 and 2006, the number of natural gas pipeline compressor stations attached to the interstate mainline natural gas pipeline grid increased significantly. In 1996 there were approximately 1,047 mainline compressor stations, with installed horsepower of about 13.4 million and a combined throughput capability of approximately 743 billion cubic feet per day.1 By 2006, these figures had grown to 1,201 mainline compressor stations, 16.9 million installed horsepower, and a throughput capability of 881 Bcf per day (Table 1). This expansion represented a 26-percent increase in installed horsepower and a 19-percent increase in throughput capacity during the period. Texas Eastman, El Paso. Transcontinental and Tenessee Gas each had more than 1 million HP of compressors. The article has maps of locations and number of compressors for the ten largest pipelines
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Silencer, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Catalyst, Regulation, Cooling, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery
MECA recommends SCR for 4 stroke engines and others to OTC in 2011
Substantial NOx reductions and minimization of CO and organics can be achieved with SCR on compressor engines and this is most clear for 4 stroke engines but a good case can also be made for 2 stroke engines. MECA believes that the OTC is missing a significant opportunity to achieve further NOx reductions. SCR has long been the technology of choice for NOx emission reduction in industrial processes and stationary power generation applications. The commercial use of SCR systems for the control of NOx from lean-burn stationary engines has been around since the mid-1980s in Europe and since the early 1990s in the U.S. Since 1995, one MECA member company specifically has installed over 400 SCR systems worldwide for stationary engines with varying fuel combinations including dozens of natural gas powered compressor engines at sites in the U.S. These four-stroke, lean-burn, gas compressor engines, equipped with urea-SCR achieve in excess of 90% reduction in NOx with as little as 2-3 ppm ammonia emissions. Similar units have been deployed in power generation applications. MECA believes that the OTC is also missing a significant opportunity to reduce CO and VOC emissions from lean burn natural gas engines by not setting standards that would require inexpensive, passive, oxidation catalyst controls that are in use today. Oxidation catalysts have been applied to over 250,000 off-road diesel mobile source applications and hundreds of stationary lean burn SI engines. Over 50,000,000 diesel passenger cars and millions of trucks and buses have been equipped with oxidation catalysts. Oxidation catalysts are extremely effective in achieving greater than 90% reduction of hazardous air pollutants such as THC and CO from lean burn engines. These catalysts also provide significant reductions in toxic emissions by eliminating benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methanol and other VOCs from the exhaust. Oxidation catalysts have been installed on a limited number of marine diesel applications, a duty cycle that closely mimics stationary operation. Even a relatively inexpensive oxidation catalyst can provide significant multi-pollutant co-benefits in reducing CO, HC, VOC, and SOF emissions. The OTC should consider setting CO and VOC standards that would require emissions controls on all stationary natural gas combustion engines to prevent inadvertent emissions from those engines that are susceptible to such trade-off characteristics when combustion controls are retrofitted to achieve Nox reductions.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , Catalyst, Silencer, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Regulation, Cooling, Heat Recovery, Emissions Control
Stationary Diesel Engine Case Studies Show Performance on Emission Reduction by MECA Members
MECA members have successful installtions of NOx reduction in many applications including on site power for data centers and medical facilities . This paper is a compilation of case histories ...................................................................... 3 2.1 Demonstration of Emission Control Technologies on Diesel-Fueled Backup Generators .................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 The Simultaneous Reduction of NOx, PM, HC and Co from Large Stationary Diesel Engines Using SCR and Particulate Filters ...................................................... 5 2.3 Diesel Retrofit of Emergency Backup Power Engine in Puerto Rico................... 7 2.4 Controlling NOx from Gas Drilling Rig Engines ................................................. 7 2.5 Kings County, CA, Department of Public Works................................................... 7 2.6 National Steel and Shipbulding Company (NASSCO)........................................... 8 2.7 Pacific Bell-SBC Telecommunications Facility..................................................... 9 2.8 Santa Clara County Building Operations.............................................................. 9 2.9 Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Chico, CA..................................................... 10 2.10 Diesel Retrofit of Rock Crusher and Conveyor ................................................. 11 2.11 San Joaquin Valley, CA ..................................................................................... 11 2.12 Diesel Retrofit of Portable Electrical Generator............................................... 11 2.13 Memorial Hospital of Los Banos, Los Banos, CA ............................................. 12 2.14 Fresno Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA .................................................. 12 2.15 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Stationary Diesel Particulate Filter Project............................................................................................ 12 2.16 Intel Corporation, San Jose, CA........................................................................ 13 2.17 Demonstration of a NOx Control System for Stationary Diesel Engines .......... 13 2.18 Evaluation of NH3-SCR Catalyst Technology on a Stationary Diesel Genset.. 14 2.19 Additional SCR Projects .................................................................................... 15
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Silencer, Valves, Reciprocating Engine, Heat Recovery Systems, Catalyst, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Emissions Control, Cooling
In 2016 MEACa wrote a position statement to assert the desirability of emission controls for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s (BOEM) request for public comments on its proposed rule titled “Air Quality Control, Reporting, and Compliance.” **********A survey of MECA members estimates that there are over 800 stationary diesel engines in the U.S. that currently use DPFs. The vast majority (90%) of these engines are in-use emergency standby engines, with the rest being prime stationary genset engines. Some states with ozone nonattainment areas require DPF’s to be installed on engines as a result of New Source Review (NSR) or Best Available Control Technology (BACT)/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) analysis. In those cases, DPFs along with SCR have been required on emergency diesel engines. Furthermore, many states require emergency diesel engines, that are also used in demand response programs for power peak shaving, to install DPF as well as SCR control devices. There are at least five MECA member companies that have experience with the installation of DPF retrofits on emergency standby diesel engines. One MECA member company has had extensive experience with the retrofit of stationary diesel engines in Taiwan. Power outages are frequent in Taiwan, so standby generators used for emergency back-up power are an important part of the country’s infrastructure. DPFs have been successfully installed on these generators. For example, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing installed DPFs on 14 emergency standby generators (2 MW engines) in 2001, which has resulted in a greater than 90 percent reduction in PM.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , , Reciprocating Engine, Filter, Catalyst, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling
Fuel Tech has large SNCR systems in China
Fuel Tech has units in Asia which are large e.g 4 x 680 MW and are achieving up to 78% NOx removal with a combination of SNCR and combustion modifications. These additional power points supplement the information provided by Dale Pfaf in sessions 1 & 2. AES Greenridge is 115 MW T -Fired and achieves 60% NOx reduction with combustion modifications, SNCR and ASCR
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Fuel Tech, NOx, SNCR, Emissions Control, NOx Emissions Reduction, China
Data centers will consume 8% of worlds energy in 2020
The rapid increase in cloud-scale services is driving a growth in data centers. Resources and support-infrastructures inside these centers consume a lot of energy. It is estimated that, currently, data centers consume about 3% of the world’s electricity production [1] and should double in every 5 years [2]. By 2020, data centers should consume approximately 8% of the total world’s energy [3] and emit 340 metric megatons of CO2 annually [4]. ********** Data centers in the U.S. consumed 2% of all electricity usage in 2010 [9]. Utility, as a primary source, provides electricity for data centers. Diesel and natural gas generators are employed as emergency sources during a utility power outage. Since coal and gas plants are the dominant sources of the electricity produced in the U.S., the current growth in data centers energy consumption will produce large carbon emission and incur high electricity cost. Environmental concerns, as well as energy prices, obligate companies to build green data centers, which partially or completely use renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar. Incorporating renewable sources can reduce carbon footprint, energy price, and loss, but their intermittent nature is a key challenge. New generation of data centers will be either own renewable energy sources or buy it directly from an existing off-site generation (co-location). More importantly, they will play an active role instead of being a pure consumer to the utility.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Silencer, Heat Recovery Systems, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Valve, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control
Wartsila power plants can operate with multi fuels
Wärtsilä’s power plants enable the transition to a sustainable, reliable and affordable power system. The main cornerstones are very high energy efficiency, outstanding operational flexibility, and multi-fuel operation. The applications range from stationary and floating base- load power plants to dynamic grid stability and peak load services, balancing large input fluctuations of wind and solar power, as well as serving a wide variety of industrial self-generation needs. This brochure outlines the capabilities and designs to handle gaseous and liquid fuels as well as multiple fuels. Multi-fuel power plants make power generation more reliable by being able to adapt to any situations that may occur regarding fuel availability or affordability. They can even switch fuels while running, for example changing to liq- uid fuel mode if the gas supply is suddenly interrupted. This capability provides 24/7 security of supply, hedge against fuel price increases and preparation for future fuel infrastructure development. Wärtsilä’s multi-fuel power plants can run in the following operations…
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Wartsila, Silencer, Catalyst, Valve, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Cooling, Heat Recovery, Emissions Control
Cummins has 1500 Fleetguard air filter designs for engines
Plugged air filters reduce engine performance, create higher fuel consumption, increase exhaust fumes and are harmful to the environment. . To properly perform its function of reducing wear and extending engine life, the air filter must filter 100% of the pre-combustion air and remove as much contaminant of any and every particle size as it can to a very high final efficiency. ******With a range of over 1,500 different air filtration products from clamps to air housings to “state-of-the-art” air filters, Fleetguard Heavy Duty Air Filtration, covers all the needs for air intake systems. Fleetguard Visibowl™ Pre-Cleaners and highly efficient Fleetguard pre-cleaner ™ self cleaning Pre-cleaners are strongly recommended for construction, mining, farming, forestry and other segments where operating conditions are severe.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, , 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Cummins, Filter, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Valve, Regulation, Cooling, Emissions Control, Air Filtration, Heat Recovery
Cloud Computing will Lead to Fewer but Larger Data Centers and Engines
Cloud computing has yet to make its full impact, and the extent and the form of that impact on enterprise and commercial datacenters is still unclear. It will take several years to play out, but demand for on-premises capacity will certainly be offset by the ability to far more easily migrate workloads and place new workloads with cloud providers such as Amazon. This possibility is, in turn, beginning to create new competitive and efficiency pressures; operators looking do ‘more of the same’ or ‘more for less’ are now considering radical change. there will likely be fewer yet larger enterprise datacenters in 2016 and beyond, as many smaller and regional facilities are consolidated into centralized ‘premium’ sites.
Revision Date: 8/1/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , Catalyst, Silencer, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
Aristo Catalyst Systems for Stationary, Locomotive and Marine
Aristo® Intelligent Catalyst Technology® 4410 W. 37th Avenue Bldg. F Hobart, IN 46342 Phone: (219) 963-2288 Fax: (219) 963-7334 http://www.aristoglobal.com Key Personnel: Douglas Kowalski, Operations Director Bobby Charalambos, Sales & Customer Service Coordinator Description: Since 1990, Aristo® Intelligent Catalyst Technology® has developed a reputation for providing high quality & exceptional value in the design & manufacture of technologically advanced catalysts & catalyst systems for the global emissions market. With performance proven expertise that crosses a wide range of catalyst markets, Aristo offers INTELLIGENT CATALYST products for diesel, gasoline, off-highway, stationary, recreational, locomotive & marine applications & large industrial power installations. Sells: Emission Control Equipment
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Aristo Intelligent Catalyst Technology, Valves, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, Catalyst, Heat Recovery Systems, Regulation, Emissions Control, Cooling, Heat Recovery
Cummins Supplies Engines and Emission Control Systems- EGSA member
Cummins Power Generation 3850 N Victoria Street Minneapolis, MN 55126 Phone: (651) 787-6267 http://www.cumminspower.com Branches in: Please, search for Cummins Power Generation locations at http://www.cumminspower.com/en/locator/ Key Personnel: Kirk Adams, Director North America Power Systems Sales Debra Laurents, Global Processes Manager Jeff Vanpoucke, Director North America Power Products Sales Luiz Rubino, Global Applications Director Description: Cummins Power Generation is a world leader in the design and manufacture of diesel and lean burn gas generator sets, transfer switches, paralleling equipment and controls for use in standby,prime and continuous rating aplications. Sells: Batteries/Battery Chargers Enclosures, Generator Set Engines, Diesel or Gas Engines, Gas Turbine Filters, Lube Oil, Fuel or Air Fuel Tanks and Fuel Storage Systems Generator Sets Generators/Alternators Heat Recovery Systems Silencers/Exhaust Systems/Noise Abatement Rents: Enclosures, Generator Set Generator Sets Trailers, Generator Set Services: Batteries/Battery Chargers Control/Annunciator Systems Enclosures, Generator Set Engine Starters/Starting Aids Engines, Diesel or Gas Engines, Gas Turbine Filters, Lube Oil, Fuel or Air Fuel Tanks and Fuel Storage Systems Generators/Alternators Heat Recovery Systems
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Cummins, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Catalyst, Silencer, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control
Baker Haight Pumps for Lubrication, Fuel, and Filtraton
Baker Manufacturing 133 Enterprise St Evansville, WI 53536 Phone: (800) 871-8250 Fax: (608) 882-3777 http://www.haightpump.com Key Personnel: Tom Skaleski, Director of Sales - Haight Pump Description: Haight Pump manufactures cast iron pumps ranging in flow from 1 gpm to 240 gpm. We specialize in manufacturing custom products to meet unique customer application requirements and have the ability to engineer, cast, machine, assemble and test all at one location. Sells: Fuel Tanks and Fuel Storage Systems
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Baker Mfg. Co./ Haight Pumps, Pump, Catalyst, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Regulation, Cooling, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery
Cummins has 1500 Fleetguard Air Filter Designs for Engines
Plugged air filters reduce engine performance, create higher fuel consumption, increase exhaust fumes and are harmful to the environment. To properly perform its function of reducing wear and extending engine life, the air filter must filter 100% of the pre-combustion air and remove as much contaminant of any and every particle size as it can to a very high final efficiency. With a range of over 1,500 different air filtration products from clamps to air housings to “state-of-the-art” air filters, Fleetguard Heavy Duty Air Filtration, covers all the needs for air intake systems. Fleetguard Visibowl™ Pre-Cleaners and highly efficient Fleetguard pre-cleaner ™ self cleaning Pre-cleaners are strongly recommended for construction, mining, farming, forestry and other segments where operating conditions are severe.
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Cummins, Reciprocating Engine
Crankcase Ventilation and Exhaust Gas Recirculation Require Rugged Filters
Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the process of recirculating some of the exhaust gas back into the intake system, is an important technology that has allowed modern diesel engines to achieve very low engine out NOx emissions. As can be imagined, introducing relatively high temperature exhaust gas into the intake air can have significant impacts on the temperature and composition of the combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber. In order to ensure proper functioning of an engine with EGR, various hardware components, such as valves and coolers have to be introduced to control the flow, temperature and distribution of EGR supply and the resulting mixture with intake air. As well,turbocharger sizing and technology choices can also be affected and steps must be taken to ensure sufficient oxygen is still available for combustion and sufficient EGR flow is available at all engine operating condition ***Crankcase Ventilation. Engines with closed crankcase ventilation systems vent gases from the crankcase into the intake air system to be recirculated into the engine. This recirculated blowby must be properly managed. Also, while the recirculated gases are filtered, a small amount of oil and particulate can still be introduced into the intake system and accumulate on critical air management components such as the compressor. Over time, if a sufficient accumulation of this material occurs, it can have a significant impact on the air management system performance.
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Filter, Reciprocating Engine, Silencer, Catalyst, Heat Recovery Systems, Regulation, Air Filtration, Emissions Control, Cooling, Heat Recovery
DCL Supplies Catalytic Converters, Silencers, Particulate Filters and Heat Recovery
DCL America Inc. 12620 FM 1960 W Ste 4A, Box 560 Houston, TX 77065 http://www.dcl-inc.com Key Personnel: Brendan Filby, General Manager Glen Prisciak, Senior Sales Engineer Description: DCL is active in the design, manufacture and implementation of advanced emission control systems for stationary and mobile internal combustion engines. DCL's product offering includes catalytic converters, catalytic mufflers, diesel particulate filters as well as heat recovery and siloxane cleanup solutions. Sells: Emission Control Equipment Heat Recovery Systems Silencers/Exhaust Systems/Noise Abatement Services: Emission Control Equipment
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, DCL, Inc., Catalyst, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Regulation, Cooling, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery
Siemens Dresser Rand Sells Gas Engines and Turbnes
Dresser-Rand, A Siemens Business 299 Lincoln Street Suite 301 Worcester, MA 1605 Phone: (508) 595-1727 http://www.dresser-rand.com Key Personnel: Christopher Nagle, General Manager- Engines North America Ilker Budak, Business Development Manager Description: Manufacturer specializing in high-efficiency, low-emission gas engines which operate on a wide variety of fuels. Dresser-Rand Guascor engines are designed for various applications such as power generation, cogeneration and mechanical drive. Sells: Engines, Diesel or Gas Engines, Gas Turbine Generator Sets Motor Generator Sets Trailers, Generator Set Services: Engines, Diesel or Gas
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Siemens Dresser Rand, Catalyst, Silencer, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
Hilco Supplies Filters and Mist Eliminators for Engines –EGSA member
HILCO 100 West 4th Street Elmira, NY 14901 Phone: (607) 733-7121 Fax: (607) 735-0946 http://www.hilliardcorp.com Key Personnel: Robert Doud, Marketing Manager Mark Stantz, Regional Sales Manager Mark Rose, Marketing Operations Manager Bill Cantando, Regional Sales Manager Description: The Hilliard Corporation manufactures industrial filtration systems, engine starting equipment and oil mist eliminators for the Power Generation Industry. Sells: Emission Control Equipment Engine Starters/Starting Aids Filters, Lube Oil, Fuel or Air Rents: Filters, Lube Oil, Fuel or Air Services: Engine Starters/Starting Aids
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Hilco, Catalyst, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control
Wartsila Gas Engine Emission Reduciton
EMISSIONS REDUCTION FOR GAS POWER PLANTS Sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are insignificant for power plants running on natural gas. Nitrogen oxide (NOX ) emissions are also low. DRY METHODS (PRIMARY) Wärtsilä gas engines use a lean-burn combustion process. In this process, natural gas and air are premixed in a low air/fuel ratio (lambda 2-2.5) before being fed into the cylinders. The lean-burn process efficiently reduces NOX emissions due to a lower combustion temperature. Another advantage with the lean-burn process is the increased output and efficiency of the engine. Wärtsilä gas engines have sufficiently low NOX emissions to comply with most national/local regulations using lean-burn primary method only. SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) In areas with more stringent control of NOX emissions the engines can be equipped with SCR units. In the SCR, NOX is reduced by a catalyst, combined with a reagent that is either an aqueous solution of urea or ammonia. OXIDATION CATALYSTS Gas (SG) engines and multi-fuel (DF) engines can be equipped with oxidation catalysts for the abatement of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, if required by national regulations. WÄRTSILÄ IOXI The Wärtsilä IOXI (Integrated Oxidation Catalyst) is a compact, cost efficient solution for moderate CO and formaldehyde (CH2 O) reduction from gas engines. Gas engines equipped with IOXI ensure compliance with most stack emission limits. COMBINED SCR AND OXIDATION CATALYST In some areas efficient multi-component emissions reduction is required. The combined catalyst system comprises SCR for NOX emissions and oxidation catalyst for CO and/or HC emission.
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Wartsila, Valves, Silencer, Heat Recovery Systems, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Cooling, Heat Recovery, Emissions Control
Wartsila Power Plants can Operate with Multi Fuels
Wärtsilä’s power plants enable the transition to a sustainable, reliable and affordable power system. The main cornerstones are very high energy efficiency, outstanding operational flexibility, and multi-fuel operation. The applications range from stationary and floating base- load power plants to dynamic grid stability and peak load services, balancing large input fluctuations of wind and solar power, as well as serving a wide variety of industrial self-generation needs. This brochure outlines the capabilities and designs to handle gaseous and liquid fuels as well as multiple fuels. Multi-fuel power plants make power generation more reliable by being able to adapt to any situations that may occur regarding fuel availability or affordability. They can even switch fuels while running, for example changing to liq- uid fuel mode if the gas supply is suddenly interrupted. This capability provides 24/7 security of supply, hedge against fuel price increases and preparation for future fuel infrastructure development. Wärtsilä’s multi-fuel power plants can run in the following opera
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Wartsila, Reciprocating Engine
Caterpillar Supplies, Rents, and Services Engines, Filters and Emission Control Systems
Caterpillar, Inc. AC 6109 P.O. Box 610 Mossville, IL Phone: (800) 447-4986 Fax: (309) 578-7302 http://www.cat.com/powergeneration Description: Generator sets, engines, enclosures with and without sound attenuation, uninterruptible power system (UPS), batteries, control panels, filters, radiators, switchgear, voltage regulators, mobile rental gen sets. Generator set systems are sold by Caterpillar dealers into Distributed/Dispersed generation, load management, peak shaving, emergency standby, critical power and cogeneration applications. Sells: Batteries/Battery Chargers Engines, Diesel or Gas Engines, Gas Turbine Filters, Lube Oil, Fuel or Air Fuel Cells Generator Sets Generators/Alternators Switchgear and Transfer Switches (Automatic or Manual), Bypass Isolation Switches, and/or Switchgear Panels Uninterruptible Power Supplies Rents: Engines, Diesel or Gas Engines, Gas Turbine Generator Sets Load Banks Switchgear and Transfer Switches (Automatic or Manual), Bypass Isolation Switches, and/or Switchgear Panels Uninterruptible Power Supplies Services: Engines, Diesel or Gas Fuel Cells Generator Sets Generators/Alternators Switchgear and Transfer Switches (Automatic or Manual), Bypass Isolation Switches, and/or Switchgear Panels Uninterruptible Power Supplies Michael Sanford of Cummins was a speaker at the EGSA spring 2016 conference talking about gen set emissions
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Caterpillar, Reciprocating Engine, Catalyst, Silencer, Valves, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
Boulden Supplies Miratech SCR Systems Maxim Silencers , American Industrial Heat Exchangers
Boulden Company 1013 Conshohocken Road Conshohocken, PA 19428 Phone: (610) 825-1515 Fax: (610) 825-5544 http://www.bouldencompany.com Key Personnel: Andy Boulden, Sales Phil Boulden, Sales Joyce Legge, Sales Colleen Whalon, Sales Description: Athlon Generators, Miratech Corp Oxidation, 3-way, SCR Catalyst, DPFs, Silencers; Covrad/GTi/API Radiators; Maxim Silencers; Insultech Insulation Blankets, SENS battery chargers, Nicad batteries, Simplex Loadbanks & Fuel Systems,Sutton Stromart Radiators; Hythane Bi/Dual Fuel; American Industrial Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers; Xylem Inc; VMC Group; Exhaust Flex, Braided Hose, Expansion Joints, Expansion Tanks. Sells: Batteries/Battery Chargers Control/Annunciator Systems Emission Control Equipment Fuel Tanks and Fuel Storage Systems Generators/Alternators Heat Recovery Systems Load Banks Radiator/Heat Exchangers Silencers/Exhaust Systems/Noise Abatement Vibration Isolators
Revision Date: 7/30/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Boulden Company, Valves, Catalyst, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Cooling, Heat Recovery, Emissions Control
JM has Parametric CEMS for Nox and Soot
Johnson Matthey can engineer a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) for feed-forward or feed-backward designs or to provide a Parametric Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) for a more economical approach. To meet specific requirements such as the EPA's RICE NESHAP regulation, Johnson Matthey's HAPGuard™ Monitor helps the operator to insure that the exhaust temperatiure is within the range of 750°F to 1250°F for rich burn gas engines and 450°F to 1350°F for lean burn gas engines. For diesel engines, Johnson Matthey's unique SootAlert® Monitor checks the time, pressure, and temperature of the CRT system, and shows a green light when the filter is clean, a yellow light when it has begun to accumulate soot and a red light indicating that it is time to regenerate the filter.
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Johnson Matthey, Reciprocating Engine, Control System
Worlds largest ICE Engine Power Plant with 38 Wartsila Engies Deliving 573 MW
In April 2016 Jordan inaugurated IP3 the worlds largest ICE power plant with 38 50DF multi fuel engines and a capacity of 573 MW. Amman, Asia Electric Power Company will use the system as load shaving while the gas turbines provide baseload power. The IP3 and sister plant IP4 can run on heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and natural gas. LNG will be used later this year.
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Wartsila, Reciprocating Engine
CECO Urea Injection System for Reciprocating Engines
In 2009-Combustion Components Associates, Inc (CCA) launch of its TRIM-NOX ™ Series of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) urea injection systems for diesel engines. Designed to reduce Nox emissions from stationary engines in the 150kW-3000kW size range, the TRIM-NOX LT Series is targeted at SCR applications on smaller engines in the 150kW-600kW output range while the XL Series is targeted at the larger 750kW to 3,000kW engine size range. Both the LT and XL Series use a PLC based controller with a touch screen display panel to allow for precise control of CCA's patented airless urea injector for maximum Nox reduction and minimum reagent consumption. The LT injection system is scaled down in features to make it price competitive in the small engine market while the XL series offers additional features and options such as data logging, reagent flow meters, remote communications capabilities, closed loop control and additional operator displays on system status for larger prime power or standby engines. TRIM-NOX SCR system including injector, control panel, mixing duct and an SCR catalyst adapted by CCA from a commercial on-highway truck SCR system. The system will be integrated and displayed on the roof of a new CAT XQ175 engine/generator set rated at 175kW. Recent testing by CCA of the TRIM-Nox SCR system on a Tier 1 certified CAT 185kW engine/generator demonstrated Nox reductions of up to 95%; with Nox emissions reduced to 0.3 gr/hp-hr. A TRIM-NOX XL injection system for larger engines includes ultra fine atomization achieved with CCA's patented single fluid injector. The XL injection system was introduced to the market by CCA before 2009 and is in commercial operation on a number of diesel fuel and natural gas fired engines in the 1500kW to 2500kW range.
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, CECO Environmental, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine
CECO is Major Silencer Supplier with Aarding and Peerless
CECO’s Burgess-Aarding Silencers are used in a number of different applications beyond turbines and engines. They include other rotating equipment such as blowers and pumps • Industrial Silencers • Vent and Blowdown Silencer • Flue Gas Silencer • Engine Silencer • Blower Intake Silencer • Gas Turbine Silencer • Vacuum Pump Silencer • Centrifugal Compressor Silencer • Rotary Positive Blower Silencer • Silencer and Exhaust Systems for Hush Houses and Aero Engine Test Cells
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, CECO Environmental, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine
The Electrical Generating Systems Association (EGSA) is the world’s largest organization exclusively dedicated to on-site power generation. It has rated silencers into 7 classes. Generally silencers are one of or a combination of three types of devices: 1.Reactive silencers, often referred to as "chamber" silencers, generally have their peak DIL in the 63 or 125 Hz OBCF 2.Absorptive silencers, often referred to as "packed" silencers, generally are most effective in the 250 Hz through 8 KHz OBCFs. 3.Resonators are generally specifically designed to have an effective DIL over a very narrow range, usually no more than a single octave. Reactive Silencers are thought of as Exhaust Silencers and their performance is usually based on a "typical" Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) value. Generally Absorptive Silencers are applied as intake silencers to best control the high frequency content of modern high speed turbocharged engines. When absorptive are applied in combination with a reactive silencer, as is becoming more common with higher speed multi-cylinder engines and requirements for noise reduction as an A-Weighted value are becoming more demanding, the performance of these must be adjusted for size and the longer wavelengths for specific frequencies in the exhaust system. Generally a Resonator is designed for a specific requirement.
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, , 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, EGSA, Catalyst, Reciprocating Engine, Silencer, Validation, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
AMPCO Exhaust Stacks Silencers and Exhaust Systems –EGSA Member
AMPCO EXHAUST STACKS 5030 Corporate Exchange Blvd Grand Rapids, MI 49512 http://www.ampcostacks.com Key Personnel: Keith Page, Product Manager Bob Russell, National Sales Manager Rich Sinistore, OEM Sales Manager Mark Walraven, Vice President of Sales Description: For over 20 years, AMPCO has been a manufacturer of , multi-use, pressure stack chimney exhaust systems. AMPCO product installations and applications include boilers, generators, commercial kitchen grease duct, laboratory fume hoods and many more applications. All AMPCO products are UL tested and listed to t stringent safety standards. Sells: Silencers/Exhaust Systems/Noise Abatement
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, AMPCO Exhaust Stacks, Valves, Reciprocating Engine, Silencer, Catalyst, Emissions, Regulation, Cooling, Heat Recovery
American Cooling Systems Fans for Diesel and Gas Engines
American Cooling Systems, LLC 3099 Wilson Drive N. W. Grand Rapids, MI 49534 Phone: (248) 762-1399 Fax: (800) 605-5451 http://www.americancooling.com Key Personnel: David Solomon, Sales & Marketing Director Description: American Cooling Systems is a manufacturer of polymer cooling fans designed for diesel and gas engine applications. Fan diameters range from 330 mm to 1250 mm. ACS fans are customizable and can be made with pilots up to 254 mm. Call us to discuss your applications requirements, and how we can help optimize your engine cooling. Sells: Radiator/Heat Exchangers
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, American Cooling Systems, Catalyst, Silencer, Valves, Heat Recovery Systems, Reciprocating Engine, Regulation, Emissions Control, Cooling
AMOT Valves, Controls, and Heat Recovery
AMOT 8824 Fallbrook Dr Houston, TX 77064 Phone: (832) 291-5903 Fax: (713) 559-9419 http://www.amot.com Key Personnel: Brant Stewart, Sales Manager Description: AMOT works with original equipment manufacturers and oil and gas companies to design and develop safety products and solutions for engines, compressors, turbines, and other rotating equipment. Our product families include valves, electric and pneumatic instrumentation and control/condition monitoring systems. Sells: Control/Annunciator Systems Heat Recovery Systems Instruments and controls, including meters, gauges, relays, contactors, or switches
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AMOT, Control System, Heat Recovery Systems, Valve Options
API Heat Transfer Suppliers Heat Transfer Solutions Worldwide
API Heat Transfer 4700 Ironwood Drive Franklin, WI 53132 Phone: (414) 761-4500 Fax: (414) 761-4510 http://www.apiheattransfer.com Branches in: Air-Cooled Group: Franklin, WI, Arcade NY, Montgomery AL, Coventry UK, Suzhou CHINA. Shell & Tube Group: Buffalo NY, Bretten GERMANY, Pune INDIA, Coventry UK Plate & Thermal Systems Group: Buffalo NY, Bretten GERMANY, Suzhou CHINA Key Personnel: Pete Syftestad, Senior Account Manager Bob Mladenovic, Area Sales Manager Description: API Heat Transfer Inc. is a global leader in the design and manufacture of a wide range of specialty heat exchangers and heat transfer solutions, with 13 modern manufacturing facilities, including locations in the U.S., U.K., China, India, and Germany, and a network of worldwide sales offices for local support. Sells: Radiator/Heat Exchangers Services: Radiator/Heat Exchangers
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, API Heat Transfer, Heat Recovery Systems, Catalyst, Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Regulation, Emissions Control, Heat Recovery, Cooling
Precipitators Used in MANN Diesel Plant Costa Rica
Termoeléctrica Garabito,” one of the world’s most advanced and efficient diesel power stations and complies with “Costa Ricas strict emission standards for industrial facilities, which apply both to noise and exhaust gases,”. Following a construction period of about 18 months, Mann handed over a complete power generation facility with 11 four-stroke generator sets and a total output of 200 megawatts to the Grupo Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) and its partners. Electrostatic precipitators are used to capture the particulate from the oil firing Assembly of the filter system weighing 1,500 tons was challenging . It took months to get the 25-meter-high filter in place.
Revision Date: 7/29/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, coname MAN Diesel & Turbo SE, MANN Diesel, Reciprocating Engine
Urea Injection system for turbines, small boilers and engines
The system Provides precise computer controlled injection of urea reagent for NOx reduction It is Used for duct injection or urea to ammonia conversion processes. The system includes an injection pump and motor, urea pressure sensor, filter, control panel, 7” HMI display, data logging, temperature sensors, alarm light and injector kit. Options include a day tank, heater, level sensor, solenoid, redundant injection pump, urea supply and return flow meters, closed loop urea control, NOx sensors and bulk storage.
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: Ceco Compressor Engineering Corp., Urea, NOx
Maxim Silencer combined with Heat Recovery
Most of the energy generated by burning fuel in internal combustion engines, both reciprocating and gas turbine, is rejected in the form of heat. For example, a reciprocating engine at full load converts about one-third of the available energy into useful work. The remaining two-thirds are lost in the form of heat to the jacket water, exhaust gas, oil cooler and by radiation to the surroundings. In an installation where this heat can be put to useful purposes, heat recovery can yield attractive savings. Maxim Silencers, Inc. manufactures heat recovery units in a number of models and sizes for a wide range of applications. Silencer Models MFT - Heat Recovery silencer for reciprocating engines. Especially suited for smaller, high speed engines. MBT - Heat recovery silencer for larger reciprocating engines. Modifications allow spark arresting and a high degree of silencing. HSS - Steam separator for use in combination with other heat input equipment. WVS/WHS - Annular jacket type heat recovery silencer for hot water service. Extremely rugged design for mid-size and larger engines where unusually long service life is desirable. BVS - Combination annular jacket (tubeless) heat recovery unit and chamber-type silencer for steam service. Extremely rugged design for mid-size and larger engines where unusually long service life is desirable. Used primarily on the exhaust of a reciprocating engine. GTW - Water tube heat recovery unit used primarily on the exhaust of a gas turbine. SOH - Heat recovery unit for medium to high volume gas flows at low pressure drop. Specially designed to heat fluids to higher temperature levels.
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: Maxim Technologies, Inc., Reciprocating Engine, Silencer, Heat Recovery
Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine Designs and Usage
This older article is a good summary of the use of natural gas-fired reciprocating engines. Most are used at pipeline compressor and storage stations and at gas processing plants. Compressor stations are spaced about 50 miles apart. Sizes range from 50 to 11,000 BHP. There are three design classes (1) 2 cycle (stroke) lean burn ( 2) 4 stroke lean-burn, and (3) 4 stroke-rich burn. Emissions are NOx, CO, and VOCs. Thermal NOx is dependent up stoichiometric ratio, combustion temperature, and residence time. Particulate emissions are minimal and include fine discrete and condensable particles. Rich burn engines use NSCR but is limited to less than 4% O2. Pre stratified charge combustion is a sequence creating fuel rich and fuel lean zones. Lean burn engines use SCR and catalytic oxidation. The report provides emission factors for a range of pollutants.
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Reciprocating Engine
EXHAUST SYSTEM INTEGRATION with Emissions Control and Silencer for on-site Power Generation
The US Environmental Protection Agency's RICE NESHAP initiative has accelerated the integration of the emissions system and the silencer for on-site power applications. As emissions standards continue to tighten, it is likely that we will see continued exhaust system integration. A "single cube" exhaust system makes it easier for engine manufacturers, dealers and packagers to meet the regulatory requirements for any air shed in North America and beyond. To be effective, the single cube approach needs to accommodate any required combination of emissions control and silencing while ensuring that engine backpressure specifications are met. The single cube approach allows the system designer to meet the liabilities associated with engine exhaust requirements by dealing with a single supplier. For diesel engines, in addition to the silencer, all or some of the following emissions devices may be required: a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) to reduce unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide (CO), a diesel particulate filter (DPF) to reduce particulate matter (PM), and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx). For natural gas engines used in on-site power, the situation may differ somewhat. Many natural gas engines operate in prime power mode and are often used as part of a combined heat and power (CHP) system. Many of these engines require a combination of oxidation catalyst (similar to a DOC) to reduce CO and an SCR to reduce NOx. CHP applications typically also have heat recovery devices in the exhaust. These devices reduce the available backpressure, leaving less available backpressure for the emissions and silencing system. (Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, Apr 2013, pp36-39.)
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: Silencer, Reciprocating Engine, SCR
Emission Control Costs for Marine Vessels
Imo Tier 2 NOx standards are 20% than Tier 1. For Tier 2 and Tier 3 SCR EPA estimates hardware costs would run $367,000 for a 4500 kW engine up to $2 million for a 48,000 kW engine. The reactor would be $1.4 million. The dosage pump would be $15,000 and the valve $7000. The total cost per kW for larger engines is around $86 and for smaller engines $40 for large engines. Http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/P100GPCR.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2006%20Thru%202010&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&Qfield=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C06THRU10%5CTXT%5C00000033%5CP100GPCR.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=p%7Cf&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=3
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , Reciprocating Engine, SCR
Engine exhaust silencers reduce noise from 120 to to 15 dB(A)
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: Cummins, Reciprocating Engine, Silencer
NOx reduced with controlling fuel/air ratio with Emerson Coriolis Meter
Installing Coriolis meters as part of air-fuel ratio control systems in more than 70 installations has solved many problems in antiquated natural gas piston engines that drive natural gas compressors. In addition to a payback as short as four months, the benefits include direct mass flow measurement, reduced maintenance, lower fuel consumption (15-20%), lower emissions (typically greater than 50%) and reduced engine wear.
Revision Date: 7/28/2016
Tags: Emerson Electric, reciprocating engine, Control System
AMPS is British Trade Organization on Site Power Generation
AMPS Peershaws, Berewyk Hall Court White Colne Colchester, Essex UK Phone: 440179000000 http://www.amps.org.uk Key Personnel: Paul Blything, Director General Description: The Association of Manufacturers of Power Generating Systems. AMPS is the British trade association representing Europe's leading specialists in the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of on-site electrical power generating systems and their components for clients world-wide.
Revision Date: 7/22/2016
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 483111 - Deep Sea Freight Transportation , 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Reciprocating Engine, Valves, Catalyst, Silencer, Regulation, Heat Recovery, Cooling, Emissions Control
Opportunities for Data Analytics in Power Generation
Data science is defined as machine learning. One use is in Data Analytics which has four steps 1. Descriptive analytics ( what happened) 2. Diagnotic analytics (why did it happen) 3. Predictive Analytics ( when will it happen) 4. Prescriptive Analytics ( what should I do about it). Prognostics ( a combination of diagnostic and predictive analytics can be used to predict the time at which a system or a component will no longer perform its intended function . This is a challenge since most failures are random and not age relaed. It is important because of the cost of failure. Bearing Failures in Rotating Equipment cause $240B in downtime and repair costs. A combination of physics and data based models can be beneficially used for calculations of remaining useful life ( RUL) . The conclusions of the presentation are 1.Data analytics can help operators manage and improve reliability of generation assets. 2 Prognostics can be used to determine a RUL with a time element and confidence level. 3 Operators can use the RUL to actively manage maintenance schedule and operating conditions in order to maintain reliability. Data Analytics is a also applicable to efficiency ( fuel cost, capacity output) , emissions ( compliance and optimization ) , flexibility ( operational and economic).
Revision Date: 7/18/2016
Tags: XMPL Energy, Pumps, Software, Valves, Optimization, Emissions Reduction, Combustion Optimization, Gas Turbine Protection
First 7FA.05 Gas Turbines go Commercial at Xcel Cherokee
Two new 2 × 1 combined cycles with the latest 7FA.05 gas turbine technology from GE came on line at Xcel Energy’s 569-MW unit at the existing Cherokee Generating Station in Denver in August. Commissioning came just three months after first fire in May, which is significant because of the summer peaking period and the location of Cherokee and its importance to the Denver grid.
Revision Date: 11/16/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Xcel Energy, Gas Turbine, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Gut Rehab Turns South Jersey Cogen Plant into Electricity Market Gem
Five years of essentially no maintenance investment or capital improvement at the Eagle Point Power Generation facility in Westville, NJ, had clearly taken its toll by the time Rockland Capital acquired the facility in April 2012. Today, Eagle Point expects the plant capacity factor to approach 50% once the last of the capital improvements are finished. Those improvements include everything from a punch list of 146 maintenance activities as well as capital upgrades, including a new steam turbine/generator, wet compression and fogging, and a complete gas turbine optimization and augmentation package which helped avoid the $11-million cost of an SCR.
Revision Date: 11/16/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Rockland Capital, Steam Turbine, Control System, Fogging System, Performance, Maintenance, Optimization, Upgrades, Air Treatment, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
The Future of Gas-Fired Generation in North America
The editors of Power Engineering sat down with three executives to discuss the transition to gas-fired generation in the U.S., the technology, and the operations and maintenance challenges related to a substantial increase in capacity factors for gas-fired plants. Executives participating in this year's roundtable discussion on natural gas were from American Electric Power, the Electric Power Research Institute and GE Power & Water.
Revision Date: 11/6/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, American Electric Power Company, EPRI, GE Power & Water, Gas Turbine, Market, Power Engineering
The Power of Flexibility: Turbine Inlet Air Chilling Benefits
Gas turbines are constant volume air intake machines; consequently, air mass flow and resultant power output fall as ambient temperatures rise and air density falls. The purpose of Turbine Inlet Air Chilling (TIAC) is to restore the power output of a combustion turbine at elevated ambient temperatures to its rated capacity or better. As the critical 'operating system' of the TIAC enhancement, the control technology also plays an integral role in maximizing operational flexibility.
Revision Date: 11/6/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Rockwell Automation, Stellar Energy, Control System, Chiller, Temperature, Optimization, Air Intake, Automation, Power Engineering
Valves for Ultrapure Water - Mcilvaine article in Valve World
Revision Date: 11/6/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221118 - Other Electric Power , 325412 - Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing , 334413 - Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing , McIlvaine, GEMU Valves, KSB, KCI Technologies, High Performance Valve, Valve, Ultrapure Water, Water Treatment, Valve World
A Wireless Vibration Monitoring System
This article is a case study of the installation of a wireless vibration monitoring system installed as part of a predictive maintenance program at Southern California Edison’s Mountainview combined cycle generating facility in Redlands, California. The system was installed on all critical pumps, compressors and motor drives as well as water treatment equipment. Difficult to reach gas turbine enclosure blowers were also included in the system.
Revision Date: 9/4/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, ITT Corporation, Vibration, Power Engineering, USA
Remote Monitoring Solutions Prevent Valve Failure at Combined-Cycle Power Plants
At combined-cycle power plants, a problem in even the smallest piece of equipment can cause significant downtime and lost production. Valves, in particular, must operate at peak performance to ensure consistent plant operation. With the help of remote monitoring software solutions and related support, power plant management teams can ensure that all equipment is operating efficiently and address potential problems before they result in costly downtime.
Revision Date: 9/2/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, General Electric Company, Valve, Remote Monitoring Software, High Performance Valve, Maintenance, Optimization, Pumps & Systems
IAPWS Gives Guidance for Monitoring Steam Purity
Problems caused by mechanical and vaporous carryover of contaminants in the water to the steam cycle begin with deposition and corrosion of HRSG tubes and steam-turbine surfaces and can ultimately lead to material deterioration, performance deterioration, extensive downtime for removing deposits, and catastrophic failures. This article gives guidance for monitoring steam purity to avoid these issues.
Revision Date: 8/11/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Corrosion, Cycle Chemistry, Sampling, Combined Cycle Journal
Managing the Catalysts of a Combustion Turbine Fleet
Historically, many gas plants have been operated cyclically with extended dormant periods due to high natural gas prices and a varying demand for the electricity the plant provides. For plants with an SCR system, stopping and laying up the equipment may accelerate aging of the catalyst system components, increasing the importance of inspections and preventative maintenance planning. This article discusses the process of economically managing a fleet of SCR-equipped gas turbines.
Revision Date: 8/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Cormetech, Catalyst, SCR, Maintenance, NOx Emissions Reduction, Power Magazine
Upgrading Legacy Gas Turbines to Meet Challenging NOx and CO Permit Limits
At the Clark Generating Station in Nevada, four gas turbines with diffusion flame burn¬ers were commissioned around 1980 and permitted for 103 ppm NOx. The turbines were convert¬ed to dry low NOx combustors and now operate at less than 5 ppm. This article discusses what is involved in converting to DLN.
Revision Date: 8/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, NV Energy, Low NOx Burner, NOx Emissions Reduction, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Eliminating Feedwater Control Valve Damage with Multi-stage, Multi-path Flowserve Control Valves
The feedwater control valve (located downstream of the high-pressure feedwater heaters) performs the critical function of controlling the feedwater flow rate over a wide range of service conditions. During startup and shutdown, the feedwater control valve restricts flow by controlling near the closed position. The pressure drop across the valve is high, which can cause severe cavitation and noise. Over time, these severe service conditions will damage a control valve. Even a properly designed valve will not work well unless it is connected to a correctly sized actuator. An undersized actuator will cause unstable flow conditions while an oversized unit has a slow response to input signals. Flowserve has successfully addressed these issues with specially engineering multi-stage multi-path, or MSMP, designs. MSMP trim channels the flow through a series of orifices to reduce the pressure in stages. This prevents cavitation from occurring inside the valve. The velocity of the feedwater is kept low to prevent erosion of the valve body and to reduce noise and vibration. MSMP trim is customer-designed for the full range of service conditions. MSMP trim prevents cavitation when throttling near the seat but acts like a conventional control valve when controlling near the full-open position. As the pressure drop across the valve decreases, the cavitation also decreases and then stops. To maintain flow rate with decreasing pressure drop, the valve will open further and expose flow paths without orifices. The orifices are not needed at this flow condition because cavitation has stopped.
Revision Date: 8/3/2015
Tags: 221118 - Other Electric Power , 221118 - Other Electric Power , Flowserve, Valve, Actuator, Boiler Feedwater System, High Performance Valve, Cavitation, Noise, Vibration
Use of Hydrophobic HEPA Filters May Double Time Between Aero-engine Overhauls
Alliance Pipeline conducted a four-year evaluation of Gore HEPA filters on LM2500 aerodynamic gas turbines serving two pumping stations in Canada. The short term benefits include virtually no degradation in compressor efficiency and shaft power over the run period and a better heat rate.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, W. L. Gore, Alliance Pipeline, HEPA Filter, Air Filtration, Combined Cycle Journal, Canada
How to Boost HRSG Performance and Increase Your Plant’s Bottom Line
The performance thieves lurking in many heat-recovery steam generators sometimes can be eliminated with relatively little effort and at low cost. This article discusses four primary performance thieves: Gas baffling, Gas-side fouling, LP economizer recirculation and Buoyancy instability/vapor locking.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, HRST, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Economizer, Performance, Thermal Shock, Corrosion, Heat Recovery, Combined Cycle Journal
How to Reduce the Startup Time of a Legacy Combined Cycle
Legacy HRSGs in service may restrict or limit the plant startup rate, but some possible upgrades can reduce the amount of time it takes to bring a combined cycle online. This article discusses three options: steam sparging, controlling the HP-drum termperate ramp rate independently of the gas turbine startup rate be venting steam, and lay-up practices.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, HRST, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Startup, Combined Cycle Journal
The Value Proposition Offered by HEPA Filtration
The cost of an E12 HEPA filter may be as much as four or five times the price of a conventional air filter. Economic analyses conducted by owners have typically focused on compressor performance and assumed a one- to two-year lifetime for HEPAs serving high-hours engines. Based on those parameters alone the HEPA was, and continues to be, a tough sell. But where the cost of replacement power is expensive or unavailable, water washing is not feasible, or a corrosive ambient environment is causing premature engine failure, HEPA filtration may be readily justified.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, W. L. Gore, Alliance Pipeline, HEPA Filter, Cost, Life Cycle Cost, Combined Cycle Journal
Smart Starts Mitigate HRSG Damage, Preserve Reliability
A smart start is one that is able to fulfill these three goals: 1) Avoid damage and preserve reliability (more specifically, minimize damage from thermal stress and overheating); 2) Permit rapid loading of the gas turbine; and 3) Provide steam at the proper flow rate and temperature to the steam turbine.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, HRST, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Attemperator, Economizer, Thermal Shock, Startup, Maintenance, Combined Cycle Journal
Gas Turbines: Design and Operating Considerations
This article provides a number of engineering recommendations to improve gas turbine operation and performance while reducing operating costs, particularly for the chemical processing industry. Topics include aeroderivative gas turbine.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 325000 - Chemical Manufacturing , Gas Turbine, Aeroderivative Gas Turbine, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Chemical Engineering World
HRSG Coverage Increases at WTUI as LM Cogen, Combined-Cycle Facilities Multiply
Thermal shock can occur in panel type economizers and HRST Inc’s ShockMaster economizer is designed to resist tube cracking and other issued caused by thermal gradients. Buoyancy instability is also a cycling issue that causes flow stagnation in panel type economizers.
Revision Date: 7/20/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, HRST, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Economizer, Thermal Shock, Combined Cycle Journal
Base Water-Quality Specs on Reality, Not the GT OEM
Even if you don’t have a steam cycle, chances are your gas-turbine plant uses plenty of treated water—for evaporative cooling or inlet fogging, water/steam injection for NOx control and/or power augmentation. The quality of this water is critical to minimize deposition and corrosion problems.
Revision Date: 6/26/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Thermal Chemistry, Analyzer, Ultrapure Water, Water Monitoring, Water Treatment, Combined Cycle Journal
Align SCR Start/Stop Sequence with GT Fast-Start Sequence
The gas turbines at the Turlock Almond Plant in California were designed for 10-minute start capability, but sub-controls for the emission reduction systems were not. This case study reviews necessary changes that were made to the controls in the Ovation balance-of-plant distributed control system (DCS).
Revision Date: 6/26/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Distributed Control System, SCR, Fast Start, Startup, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
HVOF Coating Case Study for Power Plant Process Control Ball Valve Applications
This is a case study of the failure of the coating on an on-off metal-seated ball valve (MSBV) used in supercritical steam lines in a power plant. The valves are exposed to rapid high-pressure and -temperature variations resulting in cracking and cohesive failure of the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) 80/20 Cr3C2-NiCr coating. It was found that carbide precipitation is a major factor causing embrittlement of the coating.
Revision Date: 6/8/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Velan, Valve, Thermal Stress, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology
How to Design, Retrofit Drum-type HRSGs to Cycle, Start Faster
Fast start and fast ramp of HRSGs in necessary in order to back up renewables when the wind stops or clouds appear. Fast starts/fast ramps also reduce the total emissions during a start, cut startup costs, and enable the plant to achieve full-load revenues faster. This article summarizes a presentation regarding the design and retrofit of HRSGs in order to optimize fast starts and fast ramps.
Revision Date: 6/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Vogt Power International, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Optimization, Heat Recovery, Fast Start, Combined Cycle Journal
Cost Benefits of Critical Valve Repair in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator
Modern advance frame combined-cycle power facilities operate in a dispatch environment where cold starts, accelerated ramp rates and low load conditions are the norm and where Balance of Plant (BOP) equipment accounts for more than half of all forced outages. An analysis by Pentair revealed that valves are a significant contributing factor in forced outages, primarily based on their application numbers and the severity of their service applications. This article focuses on small bore vent valves and drain valves, reporting research findings that repairing these valves is more prudent and economical than replacing them.
Revision Date: 6/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Pentair, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Valve, Life Cycle Cost, Optimization, Service & Repair, Heat Recovery, Fast Start, Power Engineering
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Fast Start: The Physics Behind the Concept
GTCC startup optimization is essentially minimizing the time required to reach the dispatch power (e.g., full load or a specific part load) without "breaking anything" in the process. For example, failure to control thermal stresses results in cracks via low/high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF) and brittle fracture. This article provide relevant and easy-to-use technical information (in the form of simple charts, basic equations and representative physical quantities) to form an informed opinion on available technologies for GTCC startups.
Revision Date: 6/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Bechtel, Gas Turbine, Optimization, Fast Start, Power Engineering
Desuperheating Valves Take the Heat
A cascading bypass system uses an high pressure (HP) steam bypass valve and a hot reheat (HRH) steam bypass valve to manage steam flow to the steam turbine. The HRH bypass valve actuator determines the valve’s ability to respond to system demands. This article discusses the selection of HRH valves and actuators, and the corresponding impact on other plant components.
Revision Date: 6/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, KOSO, Actuator, Valve, High Performance Valve, Reheat, Power Magazine
Fast-Start HRSG Life-Cycle Optimization
Modern heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) design must balance operating response with the reduction in life of components caused by daily cycling and fast starts. Advanced modeling techniques demonstrate HRSG startup ramp rates can be accelerated without compromising equipment life.
Revision Date: 6/3/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Foster Wheeler, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Life Cycle Cost, Optimization, Heat Recovery, Fast Start, Power Magazine
Updates on Water Discharge Regs, Reducing Air Emissions, Complying with NERC CIP
This article summarizes several presentations from a Combustion Turbine Operators Technical Forum (CTOTF) held in April 2015. The presentations address the status of 316(b) water intake regulations and revisions to federal effluent limitation guidelines for power plants, as well as technical issues associated with CO catalysts.
Revision Date: 6/1/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Catalyst, SCR, Effluent Treatment, Air Pollution Control, Combined Cycle Journal
Keeping Motion Control Systems Operating is Critical for CCGT
The challenge for power plants is keeping their critical motion control systems operating at the same high level as the original equipment in spite of 24/7 operations in rugged environments. Moog provides actuators and servo valves to most OEMs of gas and steam turbine equipment and works with the designers of new turbines to develop specifications. In addition, Moog provides Global Support repair and maintenance services and offers special services to help power plants minimize downtime and ensure optimized performance
Revision Date: 5/28/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Moog, Inc./ Ind'l. Controls Div., Valve, Actuator, Maintenance, Service & Repair, Motion Control
Eliminate Leakage by Drain, Vent, Block Valves
Select your valves carefully. Be sure metal seats are available when service temperatures are 400F and above, stems are blowout-proof, seat leakage meets the tightest specs after installation, coatings assure long life, and can be accessed internally, inline, for inspection and maintenance.
Revision Date: 5/28/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Valve, Leakage, Maintenance, Combined Cycle Journal
Converting from Hydraulic to All-Electric Gas Control Valves Benefits Frame 6 Owners
Young & Franklin valves have been in use on Frame 6 gas turbines for a decade. One advantage of an all-electric control valve is that it eliminates varnish issues by eliminating the control oil required by hydraulic actuators. Plus, electric valves are more responsive than hydraulically operated valves, have greater range, are easier to maintain, and enhance plant safety.
Revision Date: 5/28/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Young & Franklin, Valve, Fuel System, Combined Cycle Journal
Water-Cooled Check Valves Boost Reliability of 7FA Liquid Fuel System
Owners/operators of dual-fuel gas turbines often experience coking problems with standard liquid-fuel check valves. After switching from oil to gas, the oil remaining in check valves, which are located close to the combustors, is exposed to high temperature. Water-cooled check valves for the liquid-fuel circuit can help to alleviate the problem.
Revision Date: 5/28/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Jasc-Controls, Valve, Fuel System, Dual-fuel, Coking, Combined Cycle Journal
Inspect Steam Valves for Stellite Delamination
Stellite liberation from large valves installed in high-pressure (HP) and hot reheat (HRH) steam systems serving F-class combined cycles has emerged as an important industry concern. EPRI has established a committee on “Cracking and Disbonding of Hardfacing Alloys in Combined-Cycle Plant Valves” to dig into the details. The work, funded by several sponsors, began early this year. John Shingledecker (jshingledecker@epri.com), the technical manager for this program, said the project timeline is estimated at 14 months.
Revision Date: 5/21/2015
Tags: EPRI, Structural Integrity Associates, Valve, Maintenance, Delamination, Combined Cycle Journal
Pressure Loss of Air Filters for General Ventilation at High Relative
In anticipation of the new European standard EN 779.2012 for air filters, which classifies air filters based on their lowest filtration efficiency, this article discusses the effect that high humidity has on pressure loss during exposure to different dusts. For example, individual test data show that variations of relative humidity cause significant changes in pressure loss if NaCl is present in the loading aerosol.
Revision Date: 4/22/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Camfil Farr, Air Filter, Humidity, Efficiency, Air Intake, Air Filtration, F&S International
High-Pressure Valves: Why you should buy only premium valves
This case study reviews the process of replacing a main steam valve for an F-class heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), including step-by-step photos. Given the extensive and expensive effort involved, the author suggests that HRSG valve selections consider quality and not just cost.
Revision Date: 4/22/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Bremco, Control Valve, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Valve, Maintenance, Flow Control, Combined Cycle Journal
The New H-100 Gas Turbine: Higher Output and Efficiency
Mitsubishi has traditionally targeted large gas turbines, whereas Hitachi focused on the small and medium-size market with its H-25 and H-100 models, often referred to as the H-series. The merger of the two companies’ thermal power businesses in early 2014 created Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems with products spanning from approximately 30 MW to 330 MW in simple cycle. Recent mid-size capacity additions include the H-100(110), H-50, and an uprate of the H-25 gas turbines to 42 MW.
Revision Date: 4/15/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Americas, Gas Turbine, Efficiency, Turbomachinery International
GE Ups 9HA Specs Following Completion of Validation Testing
After 200 hours of validation testing, GE has increased the efficiency rating for their HA series turbines by about a half point. For example, the 7HA.02 which had a simple cycle net output of 330 MW and 61.2% combined cycle efficiency last year is now rated at 337 MW simple cycle and 61.9% combined cycle efficiency in a 2x1 multi-shaft configuration.
Revision Date: 4/15/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE, H-Class, Gas Turbine, Efficiency, Turbomachinery International
Protecting Steam Cycle Components During Low-Load Operation of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plants
The cyclic operation of peaking plants introduces challenges that can result in damage to steam cycle components. This article provides an overview of the components that may be affected by low-load operation and highlights some potential solutions and the trade-offs involved. For example, at low-load conditions it is often difficult to keep heat exchange surfaces below design temperatures or operationally limited temperature. Low-load operation also introduces enhanced risk of fatigue damage and accelerated life consumption for Grade 91 piping materials.
Revision Date: 4/2/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Condenser, Steam Turbine, Cycle Chemistry, Power Magazine
Gas Turbine Air Filter System Optimization
Proper air filtration is critical to the overall performance and reliability of gas turbines. This article discusses various aspects of the air filtration and conditioning process including inlet cooling, filters and water wash cycles.
Revision Date: 2/25/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Air Filter, Air Inlet House, Chiller, Optimization, Air Filtration, Power Engineering
Gas Turbine Technologies for the Transition
About 60 GW of coal-fired generation in the U.S. will be retired by 2020 and about 35 GW of nuclear capacity will be retired by 2025, according to recent projections by Black & Veatch. Much of that capacity will be replaced with power produced by low-cost, cleaner-burning natural gas. This article reviews the installation of Siemens new FlexPlant technology at the El Segundo Energy Center in California and GE’s new H-class turbines at the Riviera Beach Energy Center in Florida.
Revision Date: 2/4/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE, Siemens, H-Class, FlexPlant, Gas Turbine, Market, Power Engineering, USA, USA
Quickly Boost Your Combustion Turbine Response
PowerPhase LLC has developed a new technology called TurboPHASE, a fast-responding, modular “turbocharger,” that can boost the capacity of an existing simple cycle or combined cycle plant by 10% or more in seconds. The system consists of a compressor that delivers hot compressed air to the discharge section of a combustion turbine, thereby allowing it to operate at the rated capacity irrespective of ambient air temperatures. Morris Cogeneration, a combined cycle cogeneration plant near Chicago, installed TurboPHASE, to boost capacity when needed during cold weather events.
Revision Date: 1/30/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Turbocharger, Air Inlet House, Gas Turbine, Cold Weather, Performance, Optimization, Air Intake, Power Magazine, USA
Prepare Your Gas Plant for Cold Weather Operations
Extreme cold weather in February 2011 severely affected power generation in the southwestern region of the U.S. This article reviews lessons learned from that event including the protection of instrument lines, pipes and valves, compressed air systems, cooling towers and other plant systems.
Revision Date: 1/30/2015
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Maintenance, Cold Weather, Power Magazine
What is the Purpose of Minimum Flow?
Analysis of the limits of minimum flow and challenges which must be addressed
Revision Date: 9/10/2014
Tags: Ekwestrel, Pump, Noise, Vibration, Flow Control
Tutorial on Steam Turbine Drivers for Fossil and Nuclear Feed Pump Applications
This paper presents an overview of the operation and design of steam turbines used for driving reactor and boiler feed pumps.
Revision Date: 9/8/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, 221113 - Nuclear Electric Power Generation * , Siemens, Steam Turbine, Boiler Feedwater Pump, Boiler Feedwater Treatment
The Rewards of Pump System Optimization
Typically, when talk turns to power plant pumps, boiler feed and cooling water pumps immediately dominate the discussion. And that’s as it should be: these pumps are critical to a plant’s thermal efficiency and availability. They are also the most costly to produce, operate and maintain, so optimizing their efficiency is imperative. However, in terms of reliability and profitability for the entire plant, it is also prudent (and economically rewarding) to optimize pump system performance throughout the entire station.
Revision Date: 9/8/2014
Tags: Flowserve, Pump, Boiler Feedwater Pump, Cost, Efficiency, Optimization, Power Engineering
The reducing environment produced by oxygen scavengers initiates and propagates flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) in the feedwater system and other components of high-pressure steam generators, including heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). Since 1986, FAC-induced attack has caused numerous failures, some with fatalities, at a number of power plants in the U.S. Yet, specifications for many new power plants both domestically and globally, and in which the condensate/feedwater system contains no copper alloys, continue to call for oxygen scavenger feed to the condensate. This document is a response to this misguided trend.
Revision Date: 8/25/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kiewit, Boiler Feedwater System, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Ultrapure Water, Corrosion, Demineralization, Boiler Feedwater Treatment, Degasification
VFDs can make a big difference in optimizing pump energy consumption in cooling tower makeup
William Livoti writing in “Empowering Pumps" discusses some of the potential regulations which will force recycling of cooling water. He says that power plants need to assess their pump requirements and consider variable speed drives to reduce energy consumption. He cites the advantages when handling off peak loads. A specific example is given for the VFD saving with cooling water makeup pumps
Revision Date: 8/18/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, WEG, Cooling Tower, Variable Frequency Drive, Pump, Energy Efficiency, Regulation, Once Through Cooling, Flow Control, Empowering Pumps
Fully Automating HRSG Feedwater Pumps
Modern distributed control system platforms can provide many tools to capture best operating practices and automate them. This case study shows the steps taken to automate a hypothetical simplified feedwater pump system for a combined-cycle power plant. It describes a combination of control automation strategies and human-machine interface techniques designed to increase the overall level of automation while improving ease of use.
Revision Date: 8/18/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens Energy, Distributed Control System, Boiler Feedwater Pump, Boiler Feedwater Treatment, Automation, Power Magazine
Tenaska Lindsay Hill Generating Station Ammonia Pump Problem
The facility’s anhydrous-ammonia forwarding pumps did not allow for double-valve isolation during maintenance. These pumps are only required for use on very cold days. This requires additional maintenance and laying them up for periods of non-use. The system had single-valve isolation from the ammonia storage tank to the suction of the pumps, a potential safety risk for the O&M team.Solution. Plant management decided to install double-block-and-bleed capabilities to the liquid suction line from the storage tank and liquid return line to the storage tank
Revision Date: 8/7/2014
Tags: Tenaska, Ammonia, Pump, Valve, Maintenance, Safety, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Buffalo Pump Explains Lubrication Evolution to 7F Users
A 2007 design upgrade switched the thrust-bearing lubricant from grease to oil, supplied via a connection on the pump discharge, thereby extending the bearing replacement time to 30,000 hours.
Revision Date: 8/7/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Buffalo Pumps, Pump, Maintenance, Combined Cycle Journal
Recent Innovations from Gas Turbine and HRSG OEMs, by Thomas W. Overton, JD
Due to the growing demand for gas-fired power plants, OEMs have new opportunities for innovation. Recent innovations reduce emissions, make retrofits simpler and increase efficiency.
Revision Date: 7/21/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Gas Turbine, SCR, Performance, Optimization, Retrofit, Nox Control, Power Magazine
Layup Strategies for Maintenance Outages and when not Dispatched
Today’s challenging business environment, coupled with the volatility in natural-gas prices, has many merchant-plant owner/operators wondering when they will be dispatched next. Such uncertainty increases the complexity of decision-making regarding wet versus dry layup.
Revision Date: 6/11/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, ALS Consulting, Heat Recovery Steam Generator, Maintenance, Heat Recovery, Combined Cycle Journal
GEA is a Major Supplier of Crossflow and Counterflow Cooling Towers
GEA is a major supplier of crossflow and counterflow cooling towers. Various materials from wood to fiberglass can be provided.
Revision Date: 6/4/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GEA Group, Cooling Tower, Combined Cycle Journal
Wastewater Treatment Issues for Combined Cycle Plants
This article discusses wastewater treatment issues associated with combined cycle plants, particularly in light of EPA's effluent limitation guidelines for power plants and incentives to use recycled or reclaimed water. The article also addresses zero liquid discharge.
Revision Date: 5/10/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Wastewater Treatment System, Regulation, Water Reuse, Zero Liquid Discharge, Cooling Water Treatment, Wastewater Treatment, Power Engineering
FTIR can measure NH3 along with a number of other gases. Advantages include long laser life, no liquid N2 required, small for factor, no sample pressure restrictions, easy to maintain, makes repetitive tasks easier.
Revision Date: 4/17/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, ECO Physics, Analyzer - Nox, FTIR, Analyzer - NH3, Continuous Emissions Monitor, Monitoring, Ammonia Monitoring, Nox Monitoring
EPA Methods 201A and 202 (and similar methods) remain problematic for gas-fired sources. Dilution methods offer advantages for gas-fired sources.
Revision Date: 4/17/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Environ International, Condensible Particulate Matter, Particulate Matter Emission Measurement
GE's New All Air-Cooled H-Class Turbine
GE has introduced a new version of its H-class gas turbine called the HA (the A standing for air-cooled). The first unit will be installed at EDF’s Bouchain combined cycle plant in France with commercial operation scheduled for 2016.
Revision Date: 4/14/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE, H-Class, Gas Turbine, Modern Power Systems
Rethinking the plant water cycle produces big saving at Gila River
The Gila River Power Plant in Arizona is a zero-liquid-discharge plant. Evaporation ponds proved to be inadequate to handle process water when the ZLD system was offline. This case study reviews the process changes that were made to improve the facility’s ability to manage water.
Revision Date: 4/14/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Zero Liquid Discharge System, Zero Liquid Discharge, Cooling Water Treatment, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Eastman Cyphrex for Versatile Filtration Applications
Eastman Cyphrex thermoplastic microfibers can be made from a wide range of polymers in various shapes and sizes. These fibers are easily dispersed and processed, allowing for blending with other fibers including glass, cellulosic and synthetic.
Revision Date: 4/7/2014
Tags: Eastman Chemical, Microfiber, Filter Media, Air Filter, Air Filtration, International Filtration News
Combustion Engine vs Gas Turbine: Ambient Temperature
Gas turbines can experience significant performance derating in hot, humid conditions. While simple cycle efficiency of a gas turbine is approximately 35% at 40°C (104°F), combustion engines can reach 45% or more efficiency.
Revision Date: 4/4/2014
Tags: Wartsila, Gas Turbine, Temperature, Efficiency
Siemens has received new orders for its SGT6-8000H gas turbine, a scaled up version of the SGT5-8000H turbine. The most recent order for three turbines for Florida Power & Light’s Port Everglades Energy Center brings the total to nine sold in the US and 20 worldwide. The first SBT6-800H was installed in May 2011 at the Irsching Power Station in Germany and has achieved combined cycle efficiencies of over 60%.
Revision Date: 4/4/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens, H-Class, Gas Turbine, Efficiency, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide
GE Introduces New Gas Turbines Plants Rated at More than 61% Combined Cycle Efficiency
The most effective way to increase combined cycle efficiencies is to develop advanced gas turbine engine technologies capable of operating at even higher firing temperatures. GE is introducing a series of air cooled high efficiency gas turbines with firing temperatures of over 2500°F. The first 7HA turbine will be installed at Chubu Electric Power in Japan in 2016; the first 9HA turbine at EdF Bouchain in France in 2015.
Revision Date: 4/4/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE, Gas Turbine, H-Class, Efficiency, Gas Turbine World, Japan, France
HEPA Filter Advantages Cited in Turbomachinery Article
James Ross of AAF says HEPA filter systems are lasting 80,000 hours. He recommends single stage reverse jet filters for pre filters. Mitsubishi has used HEPA filters for many years and they are widle used on Japanese gas turbines. Steve Medvetz of Gore says the High efficiency filter can eliminate water washing.
Revision Date: 4/2/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, AAF International, W. L. Gore, Air Filter, HEPA Filter, Air Filtration, Air Intake, Turbomachinery International
HEPA Air Filtration Technology Keeps Compressor Blades Clean
Combustion turbine operators generally experience turbine fouling from airborne particles passing through existing inlet air filters. Fouling can be caused by the particle capture limitations of conventional F-class (EN779:1998) or MERV-class (ASHRAE 52.2) filters. The consequence is reduced performance of the turbine operation.
Revision Date: 3/20/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, W. L. Gore, Filter Media, Air Filter, HEPA Filter, Air Intake, Air Filtration, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide
Eastman's Cyphrex Microfiber Meets Filtration Needs
Eastman Chemical Company's Cyphrex microfibres for the filtration market have been developed to offer a number of tunable fiber properties including size, shape and material to meet specific end-use applications.
Revision Date: 3/14/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Eastman Chemical, Filter Media, Air Filter, Air Filtration, Filtration & Separation
NV Energy Coping with Stellite Delamination
CCJ editors participated in a round table with NV Energy personnel to discuss the first gas-turbine major inspection at its Walter M Higgins Generating Station. Higgins is a 2 x 1 combined cycle powered by 501FD2 gas turbines from Siemens Energy Inc. The roundtable covered a number of issues including large steam valves.
Revision Date: 2/11/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Siemens, NV Energy, Gas Turbine, Valve, High Performance Valve, Delamination, Flow Control, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
SCR is BACT for Gas Turbines in the Netherlands
Mid sized gas turbines burning either liquid or gaseous fuel have to meet Nox emissions of 140 mg/Nm3. SCR is considered BACT.
Revision Date: 1/13/2014
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, McIlvaine, SCR, NOx, Regulation, Nox Control, Netherlands
DLN Retrofit Reduces Nox Emissions at Nevada Power
The plant’s four water-injected 501Bs with diffusion flame burners, which had been permitted for 103 ppm NOx, have been converted to dry low NOx combustors by PSM (Power Systems Mfg) LLC, Jupiter, Fla, and now operate at less than 5 ppm. Superannuated steam units have been replaced by12 SwiftPac® generating units (Pratt & Whitney Power Systems, East Hartford, Ct) to provide 600 MW of fast-start, low-emissions peaking capacity
Revision Date: 12/31/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Nevada Power, Low NOx Burner, Nox Control, Combustion, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Mee has 700 Inlet Air Fogging Systems Installed
Mee has 700 inlet air fogging systems installed including many offshore to reduce the gas temperature and add moisture to increase the efficiency of the turbines.
Revision Date: 12/31/2013
Tags: 211111 - Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 原油和天然气开采, Mee, Fogging System, Cooling, Air Intake, Offshore Technology Conference
TVA Servier Combined Cycle Plant Solves Minor Problems and Plans for the Future
This article gives an overview of TVA's John Sevier 880MW Combined Cycle Plant which started up in 2012, including the plant's operating and maintenance experiences.
Revision Date: 12/31/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Tennessee Valley Authority, Maintenance, Combined Cycle Journal, USA
Don't Let Startup Emissions Slow You Down
In a Power Enginerring article, the authors point out that new combustion turbine (CT) simple and combined-cycle plants face new challenges in permitting because of more stringent startup emission limits. Recent permits issued in a variety of jurisdictions have included limits on startup emissions, both in mass per start and rolling annual startup mass limits for VOC, NOx and CO. The increased use of heavy duty/frame CTs for peaking applications create additional challenges. Startup and shutdown durations and emissions rates vary widely depending on CT model and other plant equipment and design choices. Bob Mcilvaine President, Mcilvaine Company 847 784 0012 ext 112 www.mcilvainecompany.com rmcilvaine@mcilvainecompany.com
Revision Date: 12/23/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Kiewit, Gas Turbine, Permitting, Startup, Power Engineering
New Mitsubishi Gas Turbine Plant to Enhance Future GTCC Business Expansion in North America
In August 2013, Mitsubishi Power Systems opened a new gas turbine manufacturing facility in in Savannah, Georgia. The facility was completed as part of a strategy to capture a 30% share of the large gas turbine market. The facility eliminates the duty payments which raised costs of systems delivered to the U.S.
Revision Date: 12/16/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Mitsubishi Corp, Gas Turbine, Manufacturing, USA
Planning Upgrades: Evaluate the Regulatory Impacts of Upgrades Before you Buy
One ongoing study at NV Energy involves identifying possible upgrades for existing assets. Staff Engineer Susan Hill says that no particular upgrade can be applied across the utility’s fleet due to differences in regulatory requirements. For example, about three-quarters of NV Energy’s capacity is in southern Nevada, specifically Clark County; most of the remainder is in northern Nevada, relatively close to Reno. Some Clark County assets are in PM10 non-attainment areas; plus, ozone rules are not well defined for the county going forward. Northern plants are in an attainment area.
Revision Date: 11/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, NV Energy, Permitting, Regulation, Combined Cycle Journal
AIG Tuning, Catalyst for Life Forecasting
Many gas-turbine “bubble” units installed between 2000 and 2004 are operating with their original charge of SCR catalyst. These units have outlived the original catalyst warranty (typically three years) and have benefitted from a combination of conservative design and good luck. However, as these systems reach the decade mark, the design margins have diminished because of gradual (and inevitable) deactivation of the catalyst with age. As the catalyst nears its end of life, ammonia slip begins to increase exponentially. There are practical steps operators can take to avoid this scenario.
Revision Date: 11/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Fossil Energy Research Corp., Ammonia Injection Grid, Catalyst, SCR, Maintenance, Air Pollution Control, Combined Cycle Journal
Engineered solution improves SCR performance significantly
Getting gas-turbine inlet air and exhaust gas to flow where and how you want it to in powerplant ductwork is akin to herding cats. The problem, as described by industry veterans Jim Carlton, president, Granite Ridge Energy LLC, and Larry Hawk, plant engineer, Granite Ridge Energy, operated by NAES Corp, was that the plant had been challenged by an underperforming NOx catalyst since commissioning. However, routine destructive sampling of the catalyst showed reactivity at or above expectations. And testing confirmed that the ammonia injection grid was properly balanced. What to do?
Revision Date: 11/20/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Granite Ridge Energy, Catalyst, SCR, Performance, Service & Repair, Maintenance, Combined Cycle Journal
HEPA an Alternative to Compressor Washing
About 10 manufacturers are actively pursuing GT owner/operators for their replacement filter business. But only W L Gore & Associates Inc, Elkton, Md, seems focused on HEPA filters at present. Perhaps the others believe the cost hurdle is too difficult to overcome: Turbine air filters often are considered a commodity with price the deciding factor in the selection process. Gore says its filter media offers a significantly lower pressure drop and longer effective lifetime than competitors’ products.
Revision Date: 11/4/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, E.ON, W. L. Gore, Air Filter, HEPA Filter, Maintenance, Air Filtration, Air Intake, Combined Cycle Journal
How to Reduce Catalyst Lifecycle Cost, Improve Reliability
Balancing the requirements of each SCR system in the fleet can be challenging. A system can reduce NOx by greater than 95%, but when the efficiency of the SCR is pushed beyond 85% and—or, if—the outlet emissions are less than 5 ppm, the system becomes much more sensitive to several independent system parameters. These include overall catalytic potential, effective ammonia injection/mixing in the flue-gas stream, flue-gas characteristics for inlet NOx, velocity, and temperature distributions.
Revision Date: 10/23/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Cormetech, SCR, Catalyst, Life Cycle Cost, Performance, Combined Cycle Journal
Vokes recommends combining coalescer and pre filter
In locations with high levels of atmospheric moisture (such as Northern Europe, equatorial or coastal sites), a coalescer protects against water and is typically followed by coarse and fine dust filter stages. This coalescer stage usually consists of a bank of G3 or G4 glass fibre pads treated with a water resistant coating. Such elements retain moisture well, but can quickly become clogged at higher air flows and as they become dirty, choking the air flow and raising differential pressure. Now, thanks to developments in media technology, a handful of products are available that offer an alternative approach by combining the water coalescer and pre-filter stages into one-unit.
Revision Date: 10/18/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, McIlvaine, SPX, Vokes, HEPA Filter, Air Filter, Coalescer, Air Intake, Air Filtration, Filtration & Separation
Article by McIlvaine on Gas Turbine Emissions in Air Polluton Control Magazine
In this article, Bob McIlvaine talks about Gas Turbine Emissions and Controls, focusing on intake air filters and NH3 slip monitors.
Revision Date: 3/8/2013
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, Yokogawa Electric, Nederman, SICK MAIHAK, Analyzer - TDL, Analyzer - NH3, SCR, Air Filter, Ammonia Slip, Air Filtration, Air Intake, Air Pollution Control, Monitoring, Air Pollution Control
Air Inlet System: Make it Right!
This article describes the proper filters and cooling equipment for gas turbine air inlet systems.
Revision Date: 11/29/2012
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, HEPA Filter, Chiller, Evaporative Cooler, Fogging System, Air Inlet House, Air Filter, Air Filtration, Air Intake, Combined Cycle Journal
Breath of Fresh Air for Gas Turbine Inlet Systems
Analysis of gas turbine inlet filtration system selection based on applications and environment. Author is GE Energy consulting engineer.
Revision Date: 11/27/2012
Tags: 221112 - Fossil Fuel 化石燃料, GE, Air Filter, Air Intake, Air Filtration, Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide